问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

患者男性,55岁,间断肉眼血尿半年,近期耻骨上方疼痛。MR检查示膀胱壁增厚,膀胱底部可见一大小约3.2cm×2.5cm×3.8cm的菜花状异常信号影,在T1WI上与膀胱壁等信号,高于尿液信号,但低于膀胱周围脂肪信号T2WI呈中等信号,高于膀胱壁信号。增强扫描病变及增厚的膀胱壁明显不均匀强化。

该例最可能的诊断是()

A.膀胱息肉

B.膀胱癌

C.膀胱内血凝块

D.膀胱炎局部肉芽组织形成

E.膀胱结石

答案

参考答案:B

解析:明确的间断肉眼血尿病史及典型的MR表现支持膀胱癌的诊断。

填空题
单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

15()

A.because

B.and

C.hence

D.although