问题 问答题 简答题

有效积温法则的概念,有效积温法则在园林植物害虫防治上有何应用?有何局限?

答案

参考答案:

昆虫和其它生物一样,在其生长发育过程中,完成一发育阶段(1个虫期或1个世代)需要一定的有效温度积累,亦即发育所需的时间与该时间的有效温度的乘积理论上应为一常数。即K=N(T-C.。这一规律称为有效积温法则。其中K为有效积温常数单位为日度,N为发育日数,T为温度,C为发育起点。

有效积温法则的实际应用有:

1、推算昆虫发育起点温度和有效积温常数。

2、估计某昆虫有某一地区可能发生的代数。

3、预测害虫发生期。

4、控制昆虫发育进度。

5、预测害虫在地理上分布的北限。

有效积温法则的局限性:

1、有效积温法则只考虑温度条件,其他因素如湿度、食料等也有很大影响,和没有考虑进去。

2、该法则是以温度与发育速率呈直线关系作为前提的,而事实上,在整个适温区内,温度一发育速度的关系是呈“S”形的曲线关系,无法显示高温延缓发育的影响。

3、该法则的各项数据一般是在实验室恒温条件下测定的,与外界变温条件下生活的昆虫发育情况也有一定的差距。

4、有些昆虫有滞育现象,所以对某些有滞育现象的昆虫,利用该法则计算其发生代数或发生期就难免有误差。

选择题
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Location:  Outside university
Room Type: Shared flat
Availability: From 1 Sept. 2010
Number of beds: 5 singles
Weekly Rent: £65
Notes: I vacancy, sharing with male undergraduates.

 
B
Location: Inside university
Room Type: Private flat
Availability: From 25 Aug. 2010
Number of beds: 1 double
Weekly Rent: £92.40
Notes: Full private shower, basic kitchen, furniture, bedding services and broadband Internet included.

 

Location: Outside university
Room Type: Private flat
Availability: From 1 Apr.2010
Number of beds:2 doubles
Weekly Rent:£15.00
Notes: 1 double bedroom with lounge, kitchen, bathroom and WC. Sofa bed in lounge can be used as a second double bed. Includes free broadband Internet.

D
Location: Inside university
Room Type: Standard with washbasin
Availability: From 25 Sept. 2010
Number of beds:1 single
Weekly Rent:£70.00
Notes: Private single bedroom. Also has public kitchen, bathrooms, WC and relaxing area with sofas that are shared by around 15 people.

E
Location: Inside university
Room Type: Townhouse flats
Availability: From 25 Sept.2010
Number of beds:12 singles
Weekly Rent:£35.00
Notes: 12 people share each house. These are brand new for 2008, and each house contains a good size public kitchen, living area with sofas and downstairs laundry. 

 
F
Location: Inside university
Room Type: Studio
Availability: From 25 Mar.2010
Number of beds:1 double
Weekly Rent:£113.00
Notes: This quiet studio flat has a small private kitchen (fridge, microwave, stove), table and chairs, double bed, bathroom and Internet.

 
请阅读下列师生的信息,然后匹配与其需求相对应的住宿信息。
_____1. Robert Jones. Robert will be a guest teacher at the university beginning September 1. He has no car so needs accommodation that is very near work and that’s big enough for him and his wife. Privacy is important so he does not want to share things with others. As the university will pay his living expenses, money is no problem. 
_____2. Bill West. Bill will begin his undergraduate studies in the autumn term (September 2009). Bill is very sociable and is eager to live with others. He would prefer to stay in town rather than the university so he can experience more of what the city offers.
_____3. Shelia Budgie. Shelia, a postgraduate student from Australia, will come to the university at the beginning of April for 6 months’ study. She needs a very quiet, private place in the university where she can study in peace. As she loves to cook she also wants a place with a private kitchen.
_____4. Angelo Liokas. Angelo, a language student from Greece, arrives in October and wants to live in the university and share with other students so he can practice his English. As his money is very limited he needs an inexpensive room that has cooking and washing equipment available to him.
_____5. Linda Chan. Linda will finish her studies this spring and wants her family to come from China to attend her graduation ceremony. She needs a place that can accept the four family members planning to attend in April. They will also need Internet access to stay in touch with family members in China.