问题 单项选择题

1912年中华民国成立,按《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》规定实行总统制,赋予总统很大权利;其后,《中华民国临时约法》又对总统权力做出严格限制,这一变化主要反映出当时()

A、立法服从于政治

B、行政服从于司法

C、从人治走向法治

D、民主政体臻于完善

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

本题考查辛亥革命,意在考查学生调动知识和运用知识的能力。材料中“赋予总统很大权力”到“对总统权力作出严格限制”的变化主要是因为当时袁世凯窃取革命果实,为了限制袁世凯的权力,参议院制定了《中华民国临时约法》,说明立法服务于政治,故A项正确;行政服从于司法不是材料中反映的信息,故B项错误;材料中没有反映出人治到法治的信息,故C项错误;《中华民国临时约法》并不是一部完善的法律,故D项错误。

【点评】近代中国的民主革命·辛亥革命· 《临时约法》 1912 年中华民国成立,基于孙中山的名望和地位,被定为临时大总统,并全 面效仿美国宪法实行总统制。1912 年南北议和后,以逼近清帝退位为条件,南北达成了保 举袁世凯为临时大总统的协定,为限制袁世凯, 《临时约法》将民国政体由总统制改为责任 内阁制即议会制。在责任内阁制下,总统只是国家元首,其权力受到极大的制约,行政实权 掌握在国会产生的内阁中。

单项选择题
阅读理解

When 18th-century scientists first came across Australia’s platypus(鸭嘴兽), they thought it was a trick. It is not surprising that the platypus made people confused. This funny-looking animal has feet and is a kind of warm-blooded mammal.

While other mammals usually keep their blood at around 37 degrees, the platypus has a lower body temperature of 32 degrees. As to its appearance, the platypus’mouth is not really like ducks’at all; its mouth actually looks a bit soft. The platypus closes its eyes when swimming. It uses its mouth to pick up outside information made by the creatures underwater.

Strangest of all, the platypus is a mammal that can lay eggs. And there is only one other kind of mammal that can lay eggs, the echidna (针鼹鼠) of Australia. Both the platy-pus and the echidna lay soft-shelled eggs, and both feed their young with their own milk that comes out of their skin. These animals also walk in a way that is similar to crocodiles(鳄鱼), with legs on the sides of their bodies rather than under them.

Though pretty, in a special way, the platypus is actually one of the few mammals that are poisonous. A male platypus has knife-like bones on its back legs which have enough poison to kill a dog.

The platypus has the honor of being one of the oldest mammals in the world. Until the early 20th century, it was hunted for its fur, but the situation has changed. Although the platypus is easily affected by pollution, it is not under any immediate threat.

小题1: What can we learn about the platypus according to the text?

A.It has a lower body temperature than other mammals.

B.It only closes its eyes when underwater.

C.It’s the only poisonous mammal in the world.

D.It feeds its young on wild animal meat.小题2:Which of the following is NOT used as a comparison with the platypus in the text?

A.The crocodile.

B.The echidna.

C.The duck.

D.The dog.小题3:The following characteristics of the platypus have been described in the text EXCEPT ________.

A.its natural enemy

B.its appearance

C.its walking pose

D.its daily diet小题4:We can infer from the last paragraph that the platypus _______.

A.is hunted for its meat

B.is in danger of extinction

C.is endangered by air pollution

D.is well-protected now小题5:Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A.Platypus, a Trick?

B.Platypus, the Only Warm-Blooded Mammal

C.The Characteristics of Platypus

D.The Strange Mammal —Platypus。