问题 问答题 案例分析题

2013年入冬以来,我国东北及华北大片地区出现严重的雾霾天气,给人们正常生产、生活和健康带来严重危害。阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:雾霾天气的出现,既有气象原因,更有排放污染原因。世界上许多国家,特别是发达国家,在进行工业革命后几乎都经历过环境的恶化,深受过雾霾之苦。他们在治理雾霾问题的过程中,坚持政府主导,通过制定科学的空气质量检测标准、关闭污染企业、减少煤的使用、优先发展公共交通网络、强化机动车污染物排放管理、加强环保宣传等措施,实现了经济发展与环境保护的和谐统一。

材料二:由于雾霾严重,空气质量不佳,北京2014年春节期间禁放烟花爆竹,广大市民积极响应。但“年味”不减,天坛、地坛两大庙会上的民俗文化风情展受到市民热捧;微信拜年成为年轻人的新宠;新马泰旅游过春节,感受异国文化,传播中华文明……

运用政府职能的知识,借鉴的发达国家的经验,谈谈我国政府应如何治理雾霾问题?

答案

参考答案:

①履行组织社会主义经济建设的职能。关闭污染企业、减少煤的使用等,强化对污染物排放的监管。

②履行组织社会主义文化建设职能。加强环保宣传力度,提高人们的环保意识。

③履行提供社会公共服务的职能。制定科学的空气质量检测标准、优先发展公共交通网络等,优化生态环境。

解析:本题以2013年我国东北及华北大片地区出现严重的雾霾天气为背景材料,考查学生对政府职能相关知识的理解与记忆。解答本题需要学生认真分析材料中发达国家治理雾霾的做法,从中找出答题的思路。题中材料“制定科学的空气质量检测标准”、“优先发展公共交通网络”、“强化机动车污染物排放管理”等做法,表明治理雾霾天气需要政府履行提供社会公共服务的职能;题中材料“关闭污染企业”、“减少煤的使用”等做法,表明治理雾霾天气需要政府履行组织社会主义经济建设职能;题中材料“加强环保宣传”的做法,启示我们治理雾霾天气需要政府履行履行组织社会主义文化建设职能。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Bad moods can actually be good for you, with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信), improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.

The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales, showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.

"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive, careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.

"Our research suggests that sadness ... promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."

For the study, Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.

In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.

People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.

The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."

"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors, are more resistant to eyewitness distortions(扭曲)and are better at producing high-quality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.

The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.

小题1:_ The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood, he ________ .

A.is particular about everything

B.shows less concern about others

C.is willing to believe what he hears

D.cares more about his surroundings小题2:_Which of the following is connected with positive mood?

A.New ideas.

B.Being stubborn.

C.Being careful.

D.Concentration.小题3:_ How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?

A.By watching sports programs.

B.By listening to happy or sad stories.

C.By dealing with demanding situations.

D.By thinking back on their past experience.小题4:_ Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A.Positive mood leads to better judgement.

B.Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.

C.Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.

D.People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.小题5:_The author intends to convince(说服) us that __________ .

A.Joseph Forgas made a great discovery

B.bad moods can actually be good for us

C.we should think positively and negatively

D.the Australian study is of practical value