问题 问答题

单位工程施工进度计划的编制程序和方法?

答案

参考答案:

单位工程施工进度计划是在既定施工方案的基础上,根据规定的工期和各种资源供应条件,对单位工程中的各分部分项工程的施工顺序、施工起止时间及衔接关系进行合理安排的计划。其编制程序和方法如下:

(1)划分工作项目。工作项目是包括一定工作内容的施工过程,它是施工进度计划的基本组成单元。工作项目内容的多少,划分的粗细程度,应该根据计划的需要来决定。

(2)确定施工顺序。确定施工顺序是为了按照施工的技术规律和合理的组织关系,解决各工作项目之间在时间上的先后和搭接问题,以达到保证质量、安全施工、充分利用空间、争取时间、实现合理安排工期的目的。

一般说来,施工顺序受施工工艺和施工组织两方面的制约。当施工方案确定之后,工作项目之间的工艺关系也就随之确定。如果违背这种关系,将不可能施工,或者导致工程质量事故和安全事故的出现,或者造成返工浪费。

工作项目之间的组织关系是由于劳动力、施工机械、材料和构配件等资源的组织和安排需要而形成的。它不是由工程本身决定的,而是一种人为的关系。组织方式不同,组织关系也就不同。不同的组织关系会产生不同的经济效果,应通过调整组织关系,并将工艺关系和组织关系有机地结合起来,形成工作项目之间的合理顺序关系。

(3)计算工程量。工程量的计算应根据施工图和工程量计算规则,针对所划分的每一个工作项目进行。当编制施工进度计划时已有预算文件,且工作项目的划分与施工进度计划一致时,可以直接套用施工预算的工程量,不必重新计算。若某些项目有出入,但出入不大时,应结合工程的实际情况进行某些必要的调整。

(4)计算劳动量和机械台班数。

(5)确定工作项目的持续时间。

(6)绘制施工进度计划图。绘制施工进度计划图,首先应选择施工进度计划的表达形式。目前,常用来表达建设工程施工进度计划的方法有横道图和网络图两种形式。横道图比较简单,而且非常直观,多年来被人们广泛地用于表达施工进度计划,并以此作为控制工程进度的主要依据。但是,采用横道图控制工程进度具有一定的局限性。随着电子计算机的广泛应用,网络计划技术日益受到人们的青睐。

(7)施工进度计划的检查与调整。当施工进度计划初始方案编制好后,需要对其进行检查与调整,以便使进度计划更加合理,进度计划检查的主要内容包括:

①各工作项目的施工顺序、平行搭接和技术间歇是否合理;

②总工期是否满足合同规定;

③主要工种的工人是否能满足连续、均衡施工的要求;

④主要机具、材料等的利用是否均衡和充分。

在上述四个方面中,首要的是前两方面的检查,如果不满足要求,必须进行调整。只有在前两个方面均达到要求的前提下,才能进行后两个方面的检查与调整。前者是解决可行与否的问题,而后者则是优化的问题。

完形填空
As educators, we often never know the influence we have on our students. It is always wonderful to have ___35___ students visit us and share the successes they have achieved. And those glorious moments, when we can instantly see the influence we have on a student, fuel us to continue making connections hoping to ___36___ in the life of every child.
As a music teacher for twenty-seven years, I have always known that music ___37___ the soul. It can ___38___ all kinds of barriers to reach students in a very special way. It can be the ___39___ for each child to find their light. I would like to share a story about it.
For a few years I was blessed with the opportunity to teach ___40___ students one afternoon a week. One of my most ___41___ students was a five-year-old girl called Vanessa, who had difficulty walking, and could not speak. We ___42___ sat on the floor for our music lessons and Vanessa liked to sit on my lap. One of her favorite songs was “John the Rabbit.” It was a call and response song where I sang the call and the students ___43___ twice while singing the repeating phrase, “Oh, yes!” Vanessa liked to ___44___ her hands together with mine and clap with me. We probably performed that song during every class, Vanessa and I clapping together. But she ___45___ said or sang a word.
One day late in the school year, when the song was finished, Vanessa turned around, looked me dead in the eye, clapped her tiny hands twice and said the words “Oh, yes!” I opened my mouth in ___46___ and for that moment I was the one who could not speak. When my heart ___47___ started beating again, I looked over at the assistant teacher to find her also ___48___. Through music, we had made an awesome connection.
Several years later, I passed Vanessa on the street in town. I stopped my car and waved to say hello. She waved back with a big ___49___ on her face and then clapped her hands twice, imitating the song we had ___50___ so many times in our music class. This precious little girl, ___51___ her connection with music, left an impression on me that will last forever. Every child has the ___52___ to learn and grow. It is up to us as educators to ___53___ the way to reach each and every one of our students. We all must find each child’s ___54___.
【题文1】A. late            B. former           C. recent           D. present
【题文2】A. make it     B. make sense       C. make a mess      D. make a difference
小题1:
A.touchesB.savesC.abandonsD.feels
小题2:
A.get acrossB.cut downC.take overD.break through
小题3:
A.meansB.directionC.processD.companion
小题4:
A.disabledB.normalC.outgoingD.junior
小题5:
A.awfulB.elegantC.memorableD.sensitive
小题6:
A.partlyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.mostly
小题7:
A.sangB.whisperedC.yelledD.clapped
小题8:
A.strikeB.putC.hitD.shake
小题9:
A.ever B.neverC.stillD.even
小题10:
A.horrorB.delightC.astonishmentD.embarrassment
小题11:
A.immediatelyB.completelyC.slowlyD.finally
小题12:
A.scaredB.breathlessC.speechlessD.clumsy
小题13:
A.greetingB.smileC.expressionD.affection
小题14:
A.performedB.operatedC.trainedD.recorded
小题15:
A.uponB.throughC.fromD.beyond
小题16:
A.desireB.talentC.abilityD.urge
小题17:
A.discoverB.changeC.testD.make
小题18:
A.strengthB.dreamC.lightD.dignity
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