问题 综合题

(15分)【近代社会的民主思想与实践】

阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的:一切人生来就是平等的,他们被造物主赋予他们固有的、不可转让的权利,其中有生命、自由以及追求幸福的权利。

——美国《独立宣言》

材料二 合众国公民的选举权,不得因种族、肤色或以前是奴隶而被合众国或任何一州加以拒绝或限制。

——《美利坚合众国宪法》第十五条修正案(1870年)

合众国公民的选举权,不得因性别而被合众国或任何一州加以拒绝或限制。

——《美利坚合众国宪法》第十九条修正案(1920年)

(此前年满二十一岁的公民才拥有选举权,现规定)年满十八岁和十八岁以上的合众国公民的选举权不得因年龄而被合众国或任何一州加以拒绝或限制。

——《美利坚合众国宪法》第二十六条修正案(1971年)

(1)根据材料一,概括《独立宣言》确立的政治原则及其历史作用。(4分)

(2)根据材料二,指出美国公民的选举权是如何变化的?对此,你有何认识?(11分)

答案

(1)原则:天赋 * * (或自由平等)。(2分)

作用:鼓舞美国人民为争取自由独立而战。(2分)

(2)变化:取消了选举权在种族、肤色和奴隶身份上的限制;取消了选举权在性别上的限制;放宽了选举权在年龄上的限制。(6分)

认识:美国公民的选举权在历史上长期受到限制;美国的选举制度日趋完善等。(答对一点给3分,两点给5分)

题目分析:(1)题目要求是根据材料一,所以从材料中找答案即可,材料一当中可以看出《独立宣言》的政治原则是:天赋 * * ,自由平等。作用:鼓舞美国民众为美国独立而战。答案直接来自于课本的知识点,比较简单。

(2)根据材料二概括,答案是出自材料,所以变化可以直接从材料当中概括:先后取消了选举权在种族、肤色和奴隶身份上的限制;取消了在性别上的限制;放宽了在年龄上的限制。回答认识类的题目就是要由此彼里,从材料美国公民的选举权的变化可以看到美国民主制度或者选举制度不断完善。

阅读理解

Hannah was born and raised in a poor (贫困的)framily. She wore(穿)hand –me –downs(旧东西) from her older sisters.For Christmas she usually got used toys and books .As a chilld ,she wanted to have the beautiful clothes ,cars ,and homes that she often saw on TV and in magazines.

Five years after college,she became a manager.Her dream came true.She had her own company(公司)near Central Park.She took skiing vacations in the winter and travelled by ship in the summer .At the age of 30,Hannah was on top of the world.

Then she had her usual health check-up.Her doctor told her that she had a serious illness.Her doctor guessed that she had less than a year to live.

He advised ,“If you have any once –in –a-life time plans,do them now.”

Hannah spent her last months in her company.She was looked after by hospice (临终安养院)workers.Her family and friends often visited her .The moment before she died ,she opened her eyes and said,“If you have your health,you have everything.”

小题1:What did Hannah often get for Christmas when she was a child?

A.Beautiful cars.

B.New magazines.

C.Her sisters’clothes.

D.Used toys and books.小题2:What did Hannah do ?

A.She was a doctor.

B.She was A TV host.

C.She worked for a famous company.

D.She was the manager of her own company.小题3:Why did the doctor ask Hannah to do some once-in-a-lifetime plans?

A.Because she had a lot of time after vacations.

B.Because she would not live for more than a year.

C.Because she was busy every day .

D.Because she had enough money to do so.小题4:What is the most importeant thing for people according to Hannah’s last words?

A.Money.

B.Time.

C.Health.

D.Friends.小题5:What did Hannah probably realize(认识到)at last?

A.She should buy lots of beautiful clothes and a big house.

B.She should go to see the famous doctors in foreign countries.

C.She should give her company to her family.

D.When a person loses his health,he kows how important it is.

单项选择题