问题 单项选择题

烟草制品年度总产量计划属指令性计划,一经下达,非经()同意,不得擅自更改。

A.原计划下达部门

B.省级烟草行政主管部门

C.国家烟草专卖行政主管部门

D.国家工业与信息化部

答案

参考答案:A

阅读理解

阅读理解

     For years I wanted a flower garden. I spent hours and days thinking of different things I could plant

that would look nice together.

     But then we had Matthew. And Marvin. And the twins, Alisa and Alan. And then Helen. Five children. I was too busy raising them to grow a garden.

     Money was tight, as well as time. Often when my children were little, one of them would want

something that cost too much, and I'd have to say, "Do you see a money tree outside? Money doesn't

grow on trees, you know."

     Finally, all five children got through high school and college and were off on their own. I started

thinking again about having a garden.

     I wasn't sure, though. I mean, gardens do cost money, and after all these years I was used to living on

a pretty poor, no-frills budget (预算).

     Then, one spring morning, on Mother's day, I was working in my kitchen. Suddenly, I realized that

cars were tooting their horns as they drove by. I looked out of the window and there was a new tree,

planted right in my yard. I thought it must be a weeping willow, because I saw things blowing around on

all its branches. Then I put my glasses on-and I couldn't believe what I saw. There was a money tree in

my yard!

     I went outside to look. It was true! There were dollar bills, one hundred of them, tied all over the

tree.   Think of all the garden flowers I could buy with one hundred dollars! There was also a note

attached: "IOU eight hours of digging time. Love, Marvin."

     Marvin kept his promise, too. He dug up a nice ten-by-fifteen foot bed for me. And my other children

bought me tools, a trellis (绷架), a sunflower stepping stone and gardening books. 

     That was three years ago. My garden's now very pretty, just like what I wanted. When I go out to

weed or tend my flowers, I don't seem to miss my children as much as I once did. It feels like they are

right there with me.

      I live up in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, where winters are long and cold, and summers are too short.    But every year now, when winter sets in, I look out of my window and think of the flowers I'll see next

spring  in my little garden. I think about what my children did for me, and I get tears in my eyes---every

time.

     I'm still not sure that money grows on trees. But I know love does.

1. By saying "Do you see a money tree outside?", the mother actually means _____. 

A. Observation is the best teacher

B. Seeing is believing 

C. The outsider sees the most of the game

D. It is not easy to gain money

2. The underlined word "no-frills" in the fifth paragraph is similar in meaning to _____. 

A. wasteful

B. tight

C. deserted

D. helpful

3. From the last two paragraphs we can infer that the mother is _____. 

A. divorced when she was young

B. not caring for her kids any longer

C. alone but not at all lonely

D. prouder with her garden than with her kids

4. The best title for the passage would probably be _____. 

A. My flower garden

B. Marvin helps to realize my dream 

C. Love in Michigan

D. Money grows on trees

问答题 案例分析题

“孔子”作为一个文化符号,承载了太多的意义,同时也受到了许多的关注。因此,许多人都“拿孔子说事儿”:有些人想把孔子拉下神坛,有些人想把孔子再度推上神坛,以至于孔子在中外历史上有多种历史形象……在历史舞台上不断的变脸,扮演神圣或可笑的角色。阅读下列材料:

材料一在《史记·孔子世家》的记载中,有许多同时代的隐士对于“知其不可为而为之”的孔子极尽嘲笑之能事,或讽刺他“四体不勤,五谷不分”;或嘲笑他“自腰以下不及禹者三寸,垒垒若丧家之犬”等。

材料二“从根本上讲,儒家思想认为,社会治乱的根本在于人心,因此,要从根本上达到社会的治理,就应当从人心的治理入手。……光靠法制和制度的健全,并不能从根本上解决社会的治乱问题。重视人心治理的儒家学说在这方面则显然略胜一筹。这也是为什么在春秋战国的百家争鸣之后,统治者在百家中把以重视人心治理的儒家思想定为一尊的原因之一。”

——《“爱智慧”的哲学与“实用主义”的儒家——兼谈西方儒学研究的误区》

材料三易白沙(新文化运动时期学者)认为:为什么专制君王要独尊孔子而不抬举别人呢?从根本上讲,不得不归咎于孔子之自身。其一,孔子尊君权,漫无限制,易演成独夫专制之弊;其二,孔子讲学不尊问难,易演成思想专制之弊;其三,孔子少绝对之主张,易为人所借口;其四,孔子但重做官,不重谋食,易入民贼牢笼。

材料四18世纪法国一批学者高度赞赏孔子,几乎认定孔子是个完人。大思想家伏尔泰从18世纪后期起开始接触中国文化,他特别推崇中国的儒家思想,对孔子更是佩服得五体投地,房间里常年挂着一幅孔子画像。他反对君主专制,希望有一位开明君主,因此,儒家的“民为贵,君为轻”被他当做武器来攻击封建君主专制。伏尔泰推崇孔子的另一方面,是他认为孔子是用道德的说服力而不是用宗教的狂热和个人崇拜来影响别人。

请回答:

依据材料二、三,中国的专制统治者为什么独尊孔子和儒学?