问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:在日本统治台湾的半个世纪里,台湾人民反对殖民统治,争取回归祖国的斗争一刻也没有停止过。

材料二:1958年8月23日傍晚,金门岛上正在举行宴会。忽然,海峡对岸数百万门大炮万弹齐发,一时间岛上一片火海……从此以后,两岸炮战不断。数月后,大陆宣布:单日打炮,双日不打炮。再后来,双方只将炮弹打在无人的滩头上,成为象征意义上的"炮战"。到1961年12月改为只打宣传弹,直至1979年元旦,国防部长徐向前发表声明,命令福建前线部队完全停止对金门的炮击行动,两岸炮战正式结束。

材料三:2008年11月3日11时58分,陈云林率领的海协会协商代表团抵达台湾,这是1949年后大陆授权团体最高负责人第一次访问台湾。到达台湾后他深情地说:"……为了这一天的到来,汪辜两位前辈孜孜以求……终未成愿,如今两位老人已经乘鹤西去,但是他们在九泉之下,如果能够知道我们今天这种场景,一定会非常欣慰。

材料四:要实现统一,就要有个适当的方式,所以我们建议举行两党平等会谈,实行第三次合作,而不是中央与地方的谈判。双方达成协议后,可以正式公布。但万万不可让外国插手,那只能意味着中国还未独立,后患无穷。

材料五:2008年12月15日,海峡两岸"大三通"全面启动,海运直航、空运直航、直接通邮,60年隔海相望不相通,终成记忆。"两岸直航代表的意义就是两岸不再对立,以和解取代冲突"。"直航为两岸关系和平发展提供新动力"。大陆赠台大熊猫"团团""圆圆"于2008年12月23日晚7时许抵达台北木栅动物园正式安家,这更给两岸关系增添了和平友好的气氛。

据材料二,归纳台湾海峡两岸关系的变化趋势。

答案

参考答案:

由战争对抗到结束战争状态,这一变化说明大陆方面主张由主张武力解放逐渐转为以和平方式统一祖国。

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A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.

Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

小题1:According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

A.Optimistic adults.

B.Middle-aged adults.

C.Adults in poor health.

D.Adults of lower income.小题2:Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.

A.to fully enjoy their present life

B.to estimate their contribution accurately

C.to take measures against potential risks

D.to value health more highly than wealth小题3:How do people of higher income see their future?

A.They will earn less money.

B.They will become pessimistic.

C.They will suffer mental illness.

D.They will have less time to enjoy life.小题4: What is the clear conclusion of the study?

A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

B.Good financial condition leads to good health.

C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.