问题 问答题 简答题

中世纪西欧早期教会主要形式和基本特点。

答案

参考答案:

⑴在中世纪早期,随着基督教传播教义活动的不断扩大,基督教也开始办起自己的学校,当时基督教教会的学校的学校主要有:修道院学校,主教学校和堂区学校。

⑵修道院是中世纪最典型的教会教育机构,早在罗马帝国时期就已经出现。最初它只是教徒集体修行的场所,但在中世纪早期,它成了西欧早主要的教育机构。修道主要是对人精神和肉体的训练。在修道院发展史上,本尼狄克被看做是西方修道制的鼻祖。他于529年创立了修道院。修道院学校分“内学”和“外学”。前者的学生毕业后终身做圣职,后者的学生毕业后仍为俗人。修道院学位的学生一般10岁左右入学,学习年限大约为8年。早期的修道院学校主要强调宗教信仰的培养,知识学习的内容一般为简单的读、写、算,以后“七艺”成为主要的课程。修道院学校由教士担任教师,教学方法主要是教师的口授和学生的背诵、抄写相结合。实行个别教学,纪律严格,体罚盛行。

⑶基督教的主教学校在主教的所在地,条件比较好,水平较高,但数量有限。

⑷基督教的堂区学校设在教学所在的城区和村落,条件较差,是教会面向世俗群众的普通学校。到中世纪晚期,堂区学校得到较快发展,成为西欧中世纪最普遍的学校教育形式。

选择题
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Education has an important effect on the mind or physical ability of an individual. It is the process by which society passes its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another.

Various non-traditional education options are now available and continue to flourish(繁荣). One of the most important uses in education is the use of technology. Teachers are encouraged to use new technological devices in order to strengthen learning among students and meet the needs of various types of learners.

The right to education has been created and recognized by jurisdiction(司法). Education is the most important concern of the government of India. Recently India has gained world recognition because many students from foreign countries come here to gain higher qualifications.

One has to be educated in order to speed up the growth process in order to influence the economy. Education is indeed a powerful weapon to stop the cut- throat competition that man faces at every period of life. The importance of education in India is progressing with time. Although India has been a great foundation of learning for many years, it still needs to improve not just on the quality of education but also on the number of people being educated.

Education is not just for academic success but also to make a person become a better human being and a better performer in life. Education makes the students able enough, so that they can compete nationally and internationally. To make a student a successful survivor in life, the responsibility lies equally with the schools and the parents too. Selecting a good school is as important as choosing a suitable career option for a child. The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth, it is education that gives us all the power and necessities of making a difference in any field.

People who are not educated have few opportunities to do what they want to do. Educated people become more responsible and informed citizens, and have a voice in politics and society. It allows people to be more productive by encouraging them to play responsible roles in terms of contributing to society.

小题1:Nowadays teachers are encouraged to ______.

A.study modern science and technology

B.pass all knowledge to their students

C.use non-traditional devices in class

D.meet the needs of intelligent student first小题2:The author uses the example of Indian education to show that____.

A.Indian education is among the best in the world now

B.Indian is becoming more and more powerful now

C.the right to education should be valued all over the world

D.a lot of students in India are from other countries小题3:The underlined word “dissemination” in Paragraph 5 probably means “______”.

A.spread

B.ignorance

C.argument

D.question小题4:What do we know about education from the passage?

A.It has nothing to do with society

B.It helps people to achieve what they want

C.It has little effect on people’s physical ability

D.It makes a poor man become rich小题5:What is the passage mainly about?

A.The importance of education

B.The responsibility of education

C.The development of education

D.The purpose of education