问题 单项选择题

精车钢质材料的薄壁工件时,内孔精车刀的前角一般取()。

A、10°~15°

B、15°~20°

C、30°~35°

D、45°~50°

答案

参考答案:C

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文宇,完成1~4题。

获得教养的途径(节选)

黑塞

  为获得真正的教养可以走不同的道路。最重要的途径之一,就是研读世界文学,就是逐渐地熟悉掌握各国的作家和思想家的作品,以及他们在作品中留给我们的思想、经验、象征、幻象和理想的巨大财富。对每一部思想家或作家的杰作的深入理解,却都会使你感到满足和幸福——不是因为获得了僵死的知识,而是有了鲜活的意识和理解。对于我们来说,问题不在于尽可能地多读和多知道,而在于自由地选择了个人闲暇时能完全沉溺其中的杰作,领略人类所思、所求的广阔和丰盈,从而在自己与整个人类之间,建立起息息相通的生动联系,使自己的心脏随着人类心脏的跳动而跳动。这,归根到底是一切生活的意义,如果活着不仅仅为着满足那些赤裸裸的需要的话。读书绝不是要使我们“散心消遣”,倒是要使我们集中心智;不是要用虚假的慰藉来麻痹我们,使我们对无意义的人生视而不见,而是正好相反,要帮助我们将自己的人生变得越来越充实、高尚,越来越有意义。

  世界文学的辉煌殿堂对每一位有志者都敞开着,谁也不必对它收藏之丰富而望洋兴叹,因为问题不在于数量。有的人一生中只读过十来本书,却仍然不失为真正的读书人。还有人见书便生吞下去,对什么都能说上几句,然而一切努力全都白费。因为教养得有一个可教养的客体做前提,那就是个性或人格。没有这个前提,教养在一定意义上便落了空,纵然能积累某些知识,却不会产生爱和生命。没有爱的阅读,没有敬重的知识,没有心的教养,是戕害性灵的最严重的罪过之一。

  当今之世,对书籍已经有些轻视了。为数甚多的年轻人,似乎觉得舍弃愉快的生活而埋头读书,是既可笑又不值得的;他们认为人生太短促、太宝贵,却又挤得出时间一星期去泡六次咖啡馆,在舞池中消磨许多时光。是啊,“现实世界”的大学、工场、交易所和游乐地尽管那么生气蓬勃,可整天待在这些地方,难道就比我们一天留一两个小时去读古代哲人和诗人的作品,更能接近真正的生活吗?不错,读得太多可能有害,书籍可能成为生活的竞争对手。但是尽管如此,我仍然不反对任何人倾心于书。让我们每个人都从自己能够理解和喜爱的作品开始阅读吧!但单靠报纸和偶然得到的流行文学,是学不会真正意义上的阅读的,而必须读杰作。杰作常常不像时髦读物那么适口,那么富于刺激性。杰作需要我们认真对待,需要我们在读的时候花力气、下工夫……

  我们先得向杰作表明自己的价值,才会发现杰作的真正价值。

  这儿还根本未考虑世上的书籍在不断地增多!不,每一个真正的读书家都能将现有的宝藏再研究苦读几十年或几百年,并为之欣悦不已,即使世界上不再增加任何一本书。每一位思想家的每一部著作,每一位诗人的每一个诗篇,过一些年都会对读者呈现出新的、变化了的面貌,都将得到新的理解,在他心中唤起新的共鸣。我年轻时初次读歌德的《亲和力》只是似懂非懂,现在我大约第五次重读它了,它完全成了另一本书!这类经验的神秘和伟大之处在于:我们越是懂得精细、深入和举一反三地阅读,就越能看出每一个思想和每一部作品的独特性、个性和局限性,看出它全部的美和魅力正是基于这种独特性和个性——与此同时,我们却相信自己越来越清楚地看到,世界各民族的成千上万种声音都追求同一个目标,都以不同的名称呼唤着同一些神灵,怀着同一些梦想,忍受着同样的痛苦。在数千年来不计其数的语言和书籍交织成的斑斓锦缎中,在一些突然彻悟的瞬间。真正的读者会看见一个极其崇高的超现实的幻象,看见那由千百种矛盾的表情神奇地统一起来的人类的容颜

1.文章第1段论述了阅读杰作的作用,请分条概述。

________________________________________________

2.结合文意,阐述我们如何才能“先得向杰作表明自己的价值”。

________________________________________________

3.文中加粗的词语“斑斓锦缎”指什么?“统一起来的人类的容颜”指什么?

________________________________________________

4.黑塞在文中说:“我年轻时初次读歌德的《亲和力》只是似懂非懂,现在我大约第五次重读它了,它完全成了另一本书!”这句话对我们有什么启发?结合自己阅读过的一部经典作品,作具体阐发。

________________________________________________

阅读理解

阅读理解

     It was Thanksgiving morning. I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey when the

doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in rags huddling together on the top

step.

     "Any old papers, lady?" asked one of them.

     I was busy. I wanted to say "no" until I looked down at their feet. They were wearing thin little sandals(凉鞋), wet with heavy snow.

     "Come in and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa."

     They walked over and sat down at the table. Their wet sandals left marks upon the floor. I served them cocoa and bread to fight against the cold outside. Then I went back to the kitchen and started cooking.

     The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking

at it. The boy asked in a flat voice, "Lady, are you rich?"

     "Am I rich? Pity, no!"

     I looked at my wornout slipcovers(椅套). The girl put her cup back in its saucer(茶碟)carefully and

said, "Your cups match your saucers." They left after that, holding their papers against the wind. They had

reminded me that I had so much for which to be grateful.

     Plain blue china cups and saucers were only worth five pence. But they matched.

     I tasted the potatoes and stirred(搅动)the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a regular job, these matched, too.

     I moved the chairs back from the fire and cleaned the living room. The muddy marks of little sandals

were still wet upon my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to forget how

rich I am.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Lady, are you rich?

B. A story of Thanksgiving Day

C. Don't forget how rich you are

D. Does cups and saucers match well?

2. The writer let the two children come in and served them well because________.

A. she wanted to sell old papers to them

B. she wanted to invite them to her Thanksgiving party

C. she showed great pity and care on them

D. she had the same experience as them in the past

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The girl thought the writer was rich just because she wanted to make the writer happy.

B. The writer had thought she wasn't rich because her supplies were not expensive.

C. If cups and saucers match well, they are a best pair even though cheap.

D. After hearing what they said, the writer seemed to understand what a rich life was.

4. The writer left the muddy marks of little sandals on the floor for a while to________.

A. show that she was a kindhearted lady

B. remind her that she shouldn't forget how rich she was

C. leave room for readers to think about what being rich is

D. prove that she had understood what meant being rich

5. It can be inferred from the text that whether you are rich depends on________.

A. how much money you have made

B. what attitude you have had towards life

C. the way you help others

D. your social relationship