问题 问答题 简答题

领导效能具有哪些特点?

答案

参考答案:

领导效能具有以下特点:

综合性:

领导效能的高低优劣是多种因素综合作用的结果;

社会性:

领导活动是社会活动的组成部分,受到各种社会因素的影响和制约,为促进社会的发展服务;

历史继承性:

领导活动吸取以往的经验和教训并不断提高;

主观与客观的统一性:

领导效能是领导者的主观意忠在客观环境中的实施结果;

动态变化件:

领导群体或个体的绩效随时间的推移而不断变化,而且人的主观行为对社会发展的作用需要一定的时间才能显现出来;

形式多样性:

领导工作内容和结果不同,其领导效能的表现形式也不同。

问答题
单项选择题

Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be (1) on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic--in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2) it is not far off that of Latvia--one of the ten new members which (3) on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4) of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5) talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.

(6) , the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7) of growth that no EU country comes close to (8) . Turkey’s (9) rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10) agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey (11) inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience.

Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic p point. (12) , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13) a violent heart attack. This (14) has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15) have scarcely ever reached $1 billion.

One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16) on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six zeros will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉,土耳其货币单位); one unit of the local (17) will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now--ie, about £ 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be (18) in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19) foreign bankers and (20) can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.

6()

A.Unfortunately

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Furthermore