问题 单项选择题 B型题

休克型肺炎病人取()

A.头低足高位,头偏向一侧

B.去枕平卧位

C.平卧位,头偏向一侧

D.端坐位

E.患侧卧位

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成问题。

唐朝为什么以胖为美

王彬

  ①如果去观赏唐代绘画、雕塑、陶俑及其他各类艺术作品所表现的女性形象,留给大家最突出的印象,也一定是“丰肥浓丽、热烈放姿”。丰肥浓丽即丰满、肥硕、浓艳、亮丽,热烈放姿即穿着袒露、自信张扬的表情姿态。虽然仔细观察,唐代三百年间的女性形象也有一个由清秀到丰肥、穿着由拘谨到开放的渐变过程,但是,给人视觉冲击力最强、最具感染力和令人过目难忘的,还是那些盛唐时期姿态万千、装束大胆、乐观向上的胖美人形象。

  ②几千年来,中国有着“事死如事生”的生死观念。在这一观念影响下,工匠们仿照“生人”的模样精心塑造了唐朝的女性形象。综观留存下来的美女雕像和图画,虽然工艺有别,年龄有少女、少妇之差,但大多面如满月、丰颊秀眉、腰肢圆浑,其装扮袒露而大胆。即使被今人誉之为中国古代第一美人的“捧杯侍女”,除了婀娜的捧杯姿态与众不同之外,其基本特征仍然是“丰肥浓丽、热烈放姿”。

  ③显然,无论是艺术作品还是现实生活都清晰地反映出,唐人的确崇尚“丰肥浓丽、热烈放姿”。这与汉代和古代大多数时期人们欣赏窈窕淑女含蓄内向的审美观不同,并形成了唐代的“另类”审美眼光。然而,这种“另类”和有悖于传统的丰肥之美的魅力,不仅丝毫不逊色于传统的苗条和骨感,而且更具生命力和向上的朝气。其实,我们稍加分析就会发现,唐人的“另类”审美正是那个如日中天时代的必然特点。

  ④首先,唐代繁荣昌盛、丰衣足食,正如诗圣杜甫诗句所记“稻米流脂粟米白,公私仓禀俱丰实”。人们有条件吃饱穿暖保持健康丰满的体格。其次,唐代开放兼容并包。国力强盛与文明发达,使唐人充满自信,成为一个高度开放的国家。据不完全统计,当时与唐交往的国家有130多个。不同文化的影响、交融,使唐人不拘于传统,眼界开阔,热烈放姿。第三,统治者的血统也决定了唐人对健硕的体魄更易亲近。唐代开国皇帝李渊的外祖父是鲜卑大贵族独孤如愿,也就是说李唐皇室的血统中至少有一半是鲜卑血统,而鲜卑族的游牧生活造就和需要的是剽悍、健硕的体魄。因此,唐朝几代国君均宠爱丰肥的女性也就不难理解了。

  ⑤透过唐人独特的审美眼光,不难看到当时崇尚的“丰肥浓丽、热烈放姿”绝不单纯是女性体态上的肥、瘦,穿着上的遮、露。可以说,这种审美取向是一种全方位的审美理念,所体现的是一种力量型的、开放兼容的文化视野。唐人喜爱牡丹,而牡丹的花型正是高贵丰满。唐人塑造的骏马形象每件都是骠满臀圆。而唐代影响最大的颜体书法更是肥硕、庄严而浑厚。韩愈有诗道:“书贵瘦硬吾不取”,也体现了唐人价值取向由瘦硬向“肥硕”的转变。

  ⑥如果把视野放得更大一些,就会发现,唐都长安城是当时世界上最大的都城,马路是最宽阔的,宫殿是最高峻宏伟的,当时的中国是世界向往的中心。这一切体现了一个民族进入高度成熟、处于生命力最旺盛阶段洋溢出的蓬勃朝气和高度自信,使唐人崇尚并醉心于一种气魄、力量和开张的美,而这种美传递给我们的是一种扑面而来的时代气息——热烈放姿、开拓进取、积极向上。

1.“唐朝以胖为美”的原因是什么?

答:________________________________________________

2.第④节能否放在文章的开头来说明?为什么?

答:________________________________________________

3.下面对文章理解和分析有误的一项是(   )

A.第③节中“这与汉代和古代大多数时期人们欣赏窈窕淑女含蓄内向的审美观不同,并形成了唐代的”另类“审美眼光”句运用了作比较的说明方法,意在说明唐代的“另类”审美观点与众不同。

B.第④节“正如诗圣杜甫诗句所记‘稻米流脂粟米白,公私仓禀俱丰实’”中引用诗圣杜甫的诗句,意在说明人们对丰衣足食这一美满生活的向往。

C.第②节“综观留存下来的美女雕像和图画,虽然工艺有别,年龄有少女、少妇之差,但大多面如满月、丰颊秀眉、腰肢圆浑,其装扮袒露而大胆”句中的“大多”一词表明不是绝对的,也有少数留存下来的美女雕像和图画不是这样的,从而体现说明文语言的准确性和科学性。

D.第⑤节“这种审美取向是一种全方位的审美理念,所体现的是一种力量型的、开放兼容的文化视野”一句中的“这种审美取向”指的是“丰肥浓丽、热烈放姿”的审美取向。

4.文章说“唐人的审美取向是一种全方位的审美理念,所体现的是一种力量型的、开放兼容的文化视野”,下面四幅图中不能体现唐人的这种审美价值取向的一幅是(   )

      

 A.牡丹      B.颜书      C.玉          D.骏马

阅读理解

We are not born doubting ourselves. We learn to do it. In fact, we are usually taught to doubt ourselves. We can learn some ways that allow us to become more accepting of ourselves. Following are two behaviors that might explain the reasons why you can’t move towards greater self-acceptance.

One thing that might cause you not to accept yourself is over-generalizing about something you've done that you don’t like.For example, if you fail a test you might generalize and say, “I’m really a stupid person.” When you do this you are making a statement about all of you all of the time and not just about this one situation at this time. Instead, you might decide that your grade on this test in this subject at this time was indeed poor, and then go on to decide what you want to do about your poor grade, if anything. Getting stuck in over-generalizing discourages you from taking steps that might allow you to do better on the next exam and to build an expectation of future failure.

Having standards that are impossibly high is a second way you can not accept yourself. It may not come as a surprise to you that most of us are more demanding of ourselves than we are of others. Somehow we can tolerate the fact that other people fail, that they aren’t always kind, that they’ve done things they aren’t proud of, but we have difficulty accepting those very human aspects of ourselves. The need to be perfect is another way to set yourself up for failure and enhance the feeling that you are not acceptable. We all make mistakes. Accepting less than perfection simply means recognizing the limitations natural in being born a human being. Learn to value who you are rather than who you could become. Wouldn’t it be overpowering if we always had to do what we imagine we could do? Nobody has the time and energy to do all of that. We must make choices about what we will pursue and do them the best we can under the circumstances, which aren’t always ideal, by the way.

60.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. We can feel that we are perfect when we set ourselves up for success.

B. We can tolerate the fact that we’ve done things we aren’t proud of.

C. Over-generalizing might encourage you to expect the future.

D. Over-generalizing might cause you not to accept yourself.

61.What is the author’s attitude according to the passage?

A. It’s necessary for people to be perfect.

B. It’s acceptable for people to be imperfect.

C. It’s strange for people to be born with limitation.

D. It’s possible for people to do what they imagine.

62.What has caused the lack of self-acceptance?

A. Tolerance and high-level.

B. Limitation and expectation.

C. Over-generalization and high-standard.

D. Extreme difficulty and complete failure.