问题 问答题 论述题

请论述一下纪传体的特点。

答案

参考答案:

纪传体:

纪传体以人物为记载中心,由纪、表、书志和列传四体构成,个别纪传体史书另有世家、载记部分。

1.本纪编年记载国家大事,以帝王为纲,故本纪实包括帝王传记和国务大事记两项内容。

2.表以表格方式序列错练复杂的史事要点和纪传所未及而又不可遗漏的重要人物。

3.书志专载天文地理、国典朝章以及经济文化制度。

4.列传是各方面代表人物的传记以及周边民族史。

5.世家性质如同列传,只是所载人物事为将相诸侠,或为人杰圣贤。载记主要叙述正统王朝以外同时并存的割据 * * 的人物和史事。可见,纪传体的容量很大,几乎能包举历史的各个侧面,做到巨细无遗,洪纤靡失。且多体并用,分类归载,便于查阅。是全史、通史较为理想的体裁。所以,作为历代“正史”均采用纪传体。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations! You're a survivor. According to statistics, you're

more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.

Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average

five years before a woman.

     There're many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and

smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor.

     "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta. "This is particularly so for the over-

40s, when diseases tend to strike. According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early

40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.

     "A lot of men think they're unbeatable," Gullotta says. "They only come in when a friend drops dead on the

golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him …"

     Then there's the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach. "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather

not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill.

     "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes

most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. 

      "Prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the final cost is far greater,

it's called premature death."

1. Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage?

A. They have lived long enough to read this article.

B. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.

C. They can live longer than they expected.

D. They are more likely to survive serious diseases now.

2. Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage?

A. They have lived long enough to read this article.

B. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.

C. They can live longer than they expected.

D. They are more likely to survive serious diseases now.

3. Which of the following best completes the underlined sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him..."

    (in Para 4)?

A. I should consider myself lucky.

B. it would be a big misfortune.

C. I should avoid playing golf.

D. it could happen to me, too.

4. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by the ostrich approach (in Para 5)?

A. A casual attitude towards one s health conditions.

B. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.

C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.

D. A new treatment for certain psychological problems.

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