问题 问答题 简答题

什么是DRIS?它包含哪些指标,各自的含义是什么?

答案

参考答案:

Drips是在RNI基础上发展起来的一组每日平均膳食营养素摄入量的参考值。

由4项指标组成:平均需要量(EAR)、推荐摄入量(RNI)、适宜摄入量(AI)、可耐受最高摄入量(UL)。

含义:

一、平均需要量:是根据个体需要量的研究资料制定的,是根据某些指标判断可以满足某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中50%个体需要量的摄入水平。这一摄入水平不能满足群体中另外50%个体对该营养素的需要。EAR是制定RNI的基础。

二、推荐摄入量:是可以满足某一特定性别、年龄及生理状况群体中绝大多数(97%~98%)个体需要量的摄入水平。长期摄入RNI水平,可以满足身体对该营养素的需要,保持健康和维持组织中有适当的储备。RNI的主要用途是作为个体每日摄入该营养素的目标值。

三、适宜摄入量:是通过观察或实验获得的健康人群某种营养素的摄入量。在个体需要量的研究资料不足而不能计算EAR,因而不能求得RNI时,可设定AI来代替RNI。AI的主要用途是作为个体营养素摄入量的目标。

四、可耐受最高摄入量:是平均每日摄入营养素的最高限量。这个量对一般人群中的几乎所有个体不致于引起不利健康的作用。当摄入量超过UL进一步增加时,损害健康的危险性随之增大。UL并不是一个建议的摄入水平。主要用途是针对营养素强化食品和膳食补充剂的日渐发展,指导安全消费。

问答题

When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn’t take Cuddles out for walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.

When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldn’t bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.

Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-25years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.

Through training ,Shaw and Cuddles learned to find way on busy streets, step over curbs(便道沿儿)and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated(显示)its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals (No more than 20 words)

单项选择题