问题 问答题 简答题

什么是税收,简述决定税收存在的因素?

答案

参考答案:

税收,是国家(有时又称政府)为了实现其职能并满足社会公共需要,凭借其政治权力,运用法律手段,按照预定标准,向社会成员强制、无偿征收而取得财政收入的一种形式。

税收的存在,最直观地看是由国家的存在决定的。国家从氏族公社蜕变出来以后,就成为公共事务的执行者。公共事务是满足公共需要的活动。所以从根本上说,税收的存在是由公共需要决定的。而公共需要则是社会需要中一个重要的有机组成部分。从国家(政府)产生之日起,也就产生了税收。欧洲奴隶制国家形成以后,随即出现了对私有土地征收的税收。

从纳税人角度看,税收是一种支出,是享受的社会公 * * 品而需要向政府支付的价格;从政府角度看,税收是政府提供公 * * 品以满足公共需要的经济来源,是一种成本补偿。可见,纳税人支付税款和得到政府好处之间有着密切联系。

从根本上说,政府全部开支的财源最终要来自公众。因为政府需要钱来偿付它的账单。它偿付支出的钱主要来自税收。然而,政府真正需要的并非是若干数量的钱,而是一定数量的实际经济资源。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     An old woman had two large pots (罐), one on each end of a pole (扁担). She carried the pole with

the pots across her neck.

     One of the pots had a crack (裂缝) in it while the other pot was perfect and always delivered (递

送) a full pot of water. At the end of the long walk from the well to the house, the crackedpot arrived

only half-full.

     For two years this happened daily, with the woman bringing home only one and a half pots of water.

Of course, the perfect pot was proud. But the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its own imperfection.

     One day, the cracked pot spoke to the woman by the well: "I am ashamed of myself because this

crack in my side causes water to leak out all the way back to your house."

     The old woman smiled: "Did you notice that there are flowers on your side of the path, but not on the

other pot's side? That's because I have always known about your crack, so I planted flower seeds on

your side of the path. And every day while we walk back, you water them."

     "For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate (装饰) the table. Without

you being just the way you are, I would not have this beauty."

     Each of us has our own cracks. But it's these cracks that make our lives together so interesting and

meaningful.

1. How did the cracked pot feel about itself at first?

A. Proud.        

B. Happy.      

C. Excited.        

D. Ashamed.

2. Where were the flowers growing? 

A. On both sides of the path.        

B. In the woman's house.

C. On the perfect pot's side.

D. On the cracked pot's side.

3. Which is the correct order of the following events?

   ① The woman picked the flowers and decorated the table.

   ② The woman told the truth to the cracked pot.

   ③ The cracked pot talked to the woman about its crack.

   ④ The woman found a crack on one pot.

   ⑤ The woman planted some flower seeds.

A. ④⑤①③②                  

B. ⑤④③②①

C. ④③①②⑤     

D. ④⑤③①②

4. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?

A. Never laugh at old women.        

B. Try your best to be perfect in life.

C. Imperfection makes life meaningful.

D. Don't use a cracked pot to carry water.