问题 填空题

某工业废水仅含下表中的某些离子,且各种离子的物质的量浓度相等,均为0.1 mol/L(此数值忽略水的电离及离子的水解)。

阳离子K Ag Mg2 Cu2 Al3 NH4+
阴离子Cl CO32 NO3 SO42 I
 

甲同学欲探究废水的组成,进行了如下实验:

Ⅰ.取该无色溶液5 mL,滴加一滴氨水有沉淀生成,且离子种类增加。

Ⅱ.用铂丝蘸取溶液,在火焰上灼烧,透过蓝色钴玻璃观察,无紫色火焰。

Ⅲ.另取溶液加入过量盐酸,有无色气体生成,该无色气体遇空气变成红棕色。

Ⅳ.向Ⅲ中所得的溶液中加入BaCl2溶液,有白色沉淀生成。

请推断:

(1)由Ⅰ、Ⅱ判断,溶液中一定不含有的阳离子是___________________________________。

(2)Ⅲ中加入盐酸生成无色气体的离子方程式是________________________。

(3)甲同学最终确定原溶液中所含阳离子有________,阴离子有________;并据此推测原溶液应该呈________性,原因是____________________________(请用离子方程式说明)。

(4)另取100 mL原溶液,加入足量的NaOH溶液,此过程中涉及的离子方程式为____________________________。充分反应后过滤,洗涤,灼烧沉淀至恒重,得到的固体质量为________g。

答案

(1)K、NH4+、Cu2

(2)6I+2NO3+8H=3I2+2NO↑+4H2O

(3)Mg2、Al3 Cl、NO3、SO42、I 酸 Mg2+2H2OMg(OH)2+2H、Al3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3H

(4)Mg2+2OH=Mg(OH) 2↓、Al3+4OH=AlO2+2H2O 0.4

(1)根据Ⅰ,溶液为无色,则溶液中不含Cu2,生成沉淀后离子种类增加,说明原溶液中不含NH4+;根据Ⅱ可确定溶液中不含K。(2)根据Ⅲ的描述可确定生成的无色气体为NO,则原溶液中一定含有NO3和I,根据转移电子数目相等、电荷守恒可写出离子方程式。(3)结合Ⅳ和溶液中各离子浓度相等可确定溶液中含有的阴离子为SO42、Cl、NO3和溶液显酸性,是Mg2、Al3水解的缘故。(4)加入NaOH溶液,Mg2转化为Mg(OH)2沉淀,Al3最后转化为NaAlO2,最终得到0.01 mol Mg(OH)2沉淀,灼烧至恒重得到0.4 g MgO。

点拨:本题结合废水的成分考查离子检验和离子方程式的书写,意在考查考生综合分析问题的能力和计算能力。

阅读理解

Jane always goes to school early. She likes to talk to her friends before class. After school she does not go home early. She is always late. Jane stops to see the animals in the pet shop. She likes to see the dogs. One of them is a little white dog. She watches the little dog play in the window of the shop. She watches for a long time, so she comes home late.

One day her father and mother ask why she is late, and she tells them about the little dog in the pet shop.

Jane is not late the next day. She stops to look in the window of the shop. But she doesn’t see the dog, and she is very sad. She is also very happy, today is her birthday.

Mother shows her a big birthday cake and Father gives her a birthday surprise(惊奇). He gives her the little white dog from the shop. Jane is very happy. The next day Jane does not come home late. She runs home to play with the white dog.

小题1:Before class begins, Jane usually ________.

A.talks to her friends

B.plays with her friends

C.looks at the dogs in the window

D.takes a bus小题2:After school Jane _____.

A.comes home early

B.is always late to go home

C.plays with the dogs

D.looks at the shops along the road小题3:Jane likes _____ best.

A.the big dog

B.the little white dog

C.little animals

D.the pet shop小题4:The little dog is not there because it _______.

A.is stolen(偷)

B.is put away(抛弃) by the shop

C.is ill

D.is sold(卖) out by the shop小题5:The birthday surprise is _________.

A.a big cake

B.some presents

C.the little white dog

D.a birthday party

选择题