问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,并结合所学回答问题

材料一 虽然雅典民主制不得不以马其顿亚历山大征服而告结束,但其民主传统却得以遗赠后世,如柏拉图的《理想国》、亚里士多德的《政治学》和《雅典政制》---这些著作流传下来,经中世纪而到近代---近代的英国两院国会制、法国资产阶级民主政治的议会制与中世纪英国议会制及法国三级会议,乃至古代希腊民主传统有着历史渊源的关系。

(1)据材料一指出雅典民主传统传承后世的主要途径。结合所学知识说明雅典为后世民主政治的发展积累了哪些宝贵的经验?(6分)

材料二 英国通过“光荣革命”克服了专制王权,议会成为最高权威。在君主立宪制的政治框架内,英国又用和平、渐进方式实现政治权力的转移,从而完成了政治民主化历程。

(2)根据所学知识,概述13世纪上半期至19世纪中期前,英国是怎样从法律和制度方面实现政治权力由国王逐渐向议会转移,推动政治民主化进程的?(6分)

答案

(1)途径:通过思想家著作流传;经验:集体管理的新形式;法治基础上的差额选举制,议会制,任期制等等.(6分)

(2)13世纪初签署限制王权的《大 * * 》,以后逐渐形成召开议会决定重大事宜的制度;1689年通过《权利法案》确立君主立宪制,限制君主权力;18世纪中期形成责任内阁制,国王逐渐统而不治;1832议会改革,工业资产阶级分享政治权力。(6分)

题目分析:

(1)依据材料一可知,雅典虽然被马其顿帝国征服,但其民主传统却通过柏拉图的《理想国》、亚里士多德《政治学》和《雅典政制》等著作得以遗赠后世。第二小问结合所学知识,分析雅典民主政治对近现代西方的政治文明产生的影响。

(2)结合所学知识,列举13世纪上半期至19世纪中期前,英国从法律和制度方面推动政治民主化进程的重大事件及其意义:13世纪初签署限制王权的《大 * * 》;1689年通过《权利法案》确立君主立宪制;18世纪中期形成责任内阁制,国王逐渐统而不治;1832年议会改革,工业资产阶级进入国家权力的中心。

完形填空
Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces. Each of us must choose which we want to       our future and our expectations. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or      . It’s our decision: From which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in       or down in desperation? I believe in the upward look. I choose to       the positive and skip right over the negative.
An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it’s a(n)      . The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people.      , negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations       themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). Pessimism creates a dark place where no one wants to live.
  Years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, and I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me, “How do you feel?” That seemed like a(n)       question, but I felt fine and told him so. “You don’t look well,” he replied. This       me completely by surprise. A little       confidently, I told him that I had       felt better. Without hesitation, he continued to tell me how bad I looked and that my skin appeared yellow.
  By the time I left the service station, I was feeling a little      . About a block away, I      over to the side of the road to look at my face in the mirror. How did I feel? Was I affected with jaundice(黄疸)? Was everything all right? By the time I got home, I was beginning to feel a little nauseous(恶心). Did I have a bad liver? Had I       some rare disease?
On another beautiful day, when I went into that gas station, feeling       again, I figured out what had happened. The place had recently been painted a bright, distasteful      , and the light reflecting       the walls made everyone inside look as though they had hepatitis(肝炎)! I wondered how many other folks had       the way I did. I had let one short conversation with a total       change my attitude for an entire day. He told me I looked sick, and before long, I was actually feeling sick. That single       observation had a great effect on the way I felt and acted.
The only thing more powerful than negativism is a word of optimism and hope. When a whole culture adopts an upward look, incredible things can be accomplished.
小题1:
A.shapeB.decideC.previewD.transform
小题2:
A.forgiveB.curseC.praiseD.regret
小题3:
A.vainB.angerC.actionD.hope
小题4:
A.highlightB.analyzeC.evaluateD.introduce
小题5:
A.necessity B.opportunity C.quality D.identity
小题6:
A.ActuallyB.ConsequentlyC.AccordinglyD.Contrarily
小题7:
A.rely on B.feed onC.go onD.take on
小题8:
A.familiarB.ordinary C.odd D.easy
小题9:
A.gotB.took C.stoppedD.made
小题10:
A.moreB.lessC.quiteD.too
小题11:
A.neverB.everC.onceD.always
小题12:
A.uneasyB.unconcernedC.unsatisfiedD.unaffected
小题13:
A.gotB.cameC.tookD.pulled
小题14:
A.come upB.brought upC.picked upD.put up
小题15:
A.fine B.upsetC.sickD.calm
小题16:
A.grayB.blueC.yellowD.red
小题17:
A.inB.overC.offD.through
小题18:
A.quitB.adaptedC.answeredD.reacted
小题19:
A.liarB.onlooker C.attendantD.stranger
小题20:
A.positiveB.negativeC.carefulD.rigid
判断题