问题 问答题 案例分析题

假如我是一只鸟,

我也应该用嘶哑的喉咙歌唱:

这被暴风雨所打击着的土地,

这永远汹涌着我们的悲愤的河流,

这无止息地吹刮着的激怒的风,

和那来自林间的无比温柔的黎明……

——然后我死了,

连羽毛也腐烂在土地里面。

为什么我的眼里常含泪水?

因为我对这土地爱得深沉……

(艾青《我爱这土地》)

指出“暴风雨”和“激怒的风”的象征意义。

答案

参考答案:

“暴风雨”象征灾难、苦难;“激怒的风”象征中国人民不屈不挠的反抗精神。

单项选择题
单项选择题

In a recent survey, Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children’s television show contains 47 violent acts. When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded. "I sure as heck don’t think that Bugs Bunny’s pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunk’s head is violence. " Unfortunately, both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question. The real issue is whether children view such acts as Violence.

The violence programming aimed at children almost always appears in the context of fantasy. Cartoon violence generally includes animation, humor, and a remote setting. There is no evidence of direct imitation of television violence by children, though there is evidence that fantasy violence can energize previously learned aggressive response such as a physical attack on another child during play. It is by no means clear, however, that the violence in a portrayal is solely responsible for this energizing effect. Rather, the evidence suggests that any exciting material can trigger subsequent aggressive behavior and that it is the excitation rather than the portrayal of violence that instigates or energizes any subsequent violent behavior. "Cold" imitation of violence by children is extremely rare, and the very occasional evidence of direct, imitative associations between television violence and aggressive behavior has been limited to extremely novel and violent acts by teenagers or adults with already established patterns of deviant behavior. The institutional effect means, in the short term, that exposure to violent portrayals could be dangerous if shoaly after the exposure (within 15 to 20 minutes), the child happens to be in a situation that calls for interpersonal aggression as an appropriate response, for example, an argument between siblings or among peers. This same institutional effect, however, could be produced by other exciting but nonviolent television content or by any other excitational source, including, ironically, a parent’s turning off the set.

So there is no convincing causal evidence of any cumulative instigational effects such as more aggressive or violent dispositions in children. In fact, passivity is a more likely long term result of heavy viewing of television violence. The evidence does not warrant the p conclusions advanced by many critics who tend to use television violence as a scapegoat to draw public attention away from the real causes of violence—causes like abusive spouses and parents and a culture that celebrates violence generally.

The boldfaced word "appropriate" in Paragraph 2 means ().

A. moral

B. agreeable

C. normal

D. polite