问题 问答题

在空间中有竖直向上的匀强电场,场强大小E=2.0×103N/C,有一个质量为m=4.0×10-6kg,电量q=+1.6×10-8C的带电液滴,以初速度v0=4m/s的速度沿电场线竖直向上运动(此时刻为零时刻),设运动过程中带电液滴的质量、电量不变,空气阻力不计,g=10m/s2,求:

(1)从零时刻开始,经多长时间液滴的速度减到零?

(2)以零时刻开始,至速度减到零这个过程中带电液滴的电势能的变化量?

答案

(1)以液滴为研究对象,根据牛顿第二定律得

     mg-Eq=ma

得到а=

mg-Eq
m
=
4.0×10-6-2.0×103×1.6×10-8
4.0×10-6
m/s2=2m/s2

由运动学公式vt=v0-at 得到带电液滴速度减到零所用时间为:

t=

vt-v0
a
=
0-4
-2
 s=2s

(2)带正电液滴的速度减到零上升的高度为

   h=

v0
2
t=
4
2
×4
m=4m

电场力做功为W=qEh=1.6×10-8×2.0×103×4J=1.28×10-4J

所以带电液滴的电势能的变化量是1.28×10-4J.

答:

(1)从零时刻开始,经2s时间液滴的速度减到零.

(2)以零时刻开始,至速度减到零这个过程中带电液滴的电势能的变化量是1.28×10-4J.

选择题
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