问题 问答题 简答题

医院内下呼吸道感染的预防措施有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

1.如无禁忌证,应将床头抬高30-45°取半卧位控制胃内容物的返流。

2.对存在下呼吸道感染高危因素的患者,加强口腔护理,每2~6小时一次。

3.鼓励手术后患者(尤其胸部和上腹部手术)早期下床活动。

4.指导患者正确咳嗽,必要时予以翻身、拍背,以利于痰液引流。

5.严格掌握气管插管或切开适应证,使用呼吸机辅助呼吸的患者应优先考虑无创通气。

6.对气管插管或切开患者,吸痰时应严格执行无菌操作。吸痰前、后,医务人员必须遵循手卫生规则。

7.建议使用可吸引的气管导管,定期(每小时)作声门下分泌物引流。

8.呼吸机螺纹管每周更换1次,有明显分泌物污染时则应及时更换;湿化器添加水可使用新制备的冷开水,每天更换;螺纹管冷凝水应及时做为污水清除,不可直接倾倒在室内地面,不可使冷凝水流向患者气道。

9.对于人工气道/机械通气患者,每天评估是否可以撤机和拔管,尽早拔管,减少插管天数。

10.尽量减少使用或尽早停用预防应激性溃疡的药物,包括H2受体阻滞剂如西米替丁和/或抑酸剂。

11.对于器官移植、粒细胞减少症等严重免疫功能抑制患者,应进行保护性隔离,包括安置于层流室,医务人员进入病室时须戴口罩、帽子,穿无菌隔离衣等。

12.有关预防措施对全体医务人员包括护工定期进行教育培训。

解答题
阅读理解
Reading comprehension.
Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may
read the questions first.)

jaguar  n.a type of large,yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of
          the U.S. and in Central and South America.
jargon  1 n.speech that doesn't make sense.2 n.an unknown language that seems strange or impossible
           to understand 3 n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a
           mixture of French and English. 4 n the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report
           on computers was filled with jargon.
jaunt  1 n.a trip taken for fun.2.v. to go on a brief pleasant trip:We jaunted to the country last Saturday.
javelin  1 n.a spear most commonly used as a weapon or in New Orleans and is characterized by
           rhythmic beats.2 n. popular dance music influenced by jazz.3 n.slang empty talk.4 adj. of or
           like jazz:a jazz band,jazz records.
jennet   n. a small Spanish horse.
1. Which meaning of the work javelin is used in the sentence below?
    At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards.
A. Definition 1
B. Definition 2
C. Definition 3
D. Definition 4
2. Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below?
    Doctors often speak in medical jargon.
A. Definition 1
B. Definition 2
C. Definition 3
D. Definition 4
3. What does the work jazz mean in the following sentence?
    Don't give me that jazz, far I am a practical person.
A. rhythmic beats
B. a type of music
C. a kind of dance
D. meaningless talk