问题 问答题 简答题

导尿管相关尿路感染预防要点有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

1.置管前。

(1)严格掌握留置导尿管的适应征,避免不必要的留置导尿。

(2)仔细检查无菌导尿包,如导尿包过期、外包装破损、潮湿,不应当使用。

(3)根据患者年龄、性别、 * * 等情况选择合适大小、材质等的导尿管,最大限度降低 * * 损伤和尿路感染。

(4)对留置导尿管的患者,应当采用密闭式引流装置。

(5)告知患者留置导尿管的目的,配合要点和置管后的注意事项。

2.置管时。

(1)医务人员要严格按照《医务人员手卫生规范》,认真洗手后,戴无菌手套实施导尿术。

(2)严格遵循无菌操作技术原则留置导尿管,动作要轻柔,避免损伤 * * 粘膜。

(3)正确铺无菌巾,避免污染 * * 口,保持最大的无菌屏障。

(4)充分消毒 * * 口,防止污染。要使用合适的消毒剂棉球消毒 * * 口及其周围皮肤粘膜,棉球不能重复使用。男性:先洗净包皮及冠状沟,然后自 * * 口、龟头向外旋转擦拭消毒。女性:先按照由上至下,由内向外的原则清洗外阴,然后清洗并消毒 * * 口、前庭、两侧大小阴唇,最后会阴、肛门。

(5)导尿管插入深度适宜,插入后,向水囊注入10~15毫升无菌水,轻拉尿管以确认尿管固定稳妥,不会脱出。

(6)置管过程中,指导患者放松,协调配合,避免污染,如尿管被污染应当重新更换尿管。

3.置管后。

(1)妥善固定尿管,避免打折、弯曲,保证集尿袋高度低于膀胱水平,避免接触地面,防止逆行感染。(2)保持尿液引流装置密闭、通畅和完整,活动或搬运时夹闭引流管,防止尿液逆流。

(3)应当使用个人专用的收集容器及时清空集尿袋中尿液。清空集尿袋中尿液时,要遵循无菌操作原则,避免集尿袋的出口触碰到收集容器。

(4)留取小量尿标本进行微生物病原学检测时,应当消毒导尿管后,使用无菌注射器抽取标本送检。留取大量尿标本时(此法不能用于普通细菌和真菌学检查),可以从集尿袋中采集,避免打开导尿管和集尿袋的接口。

(5)不应当常规使用含消毒剂或抗菌药物的溶液进行膀胱冲洗或灌注以预防尿路感染。

(6)应当保持 * * 口清洁,大便失禁的患者清洁后还应当进行消毒。留置导尿管期间,应当每日清洁或冲洗 * * 口。

(7)患者沐浴或擦身时应当注意对导管的保护,不应当把导管浸入水中。

(8)长期留置导尿管患者,不宜频繁更换导尿管。若导尿管阻塞或不慎脱出时,以及留置导尿装置的无菌性和密闭性被破坏时,应当立即更换导尿管。

(9)患者出现尿路感染时,应当及时更换导尿管,并留取尿液进行微生物病原学检测。

(10)每天评估留置导尿管的必要性,不需要时尽早拔除导尿管,尽可能缩短留置导尿管时间。

(11)对长期留置导尿管的患者,拔除导尿管时,应当训练膀胱功能。

(12)医护人员在维护导尿管时,要严格执行手卫生。

完形填空
This was my grandmother's first Christmas without grandfather, and before he passed away we had promised grandfather that we would make this her best Christmas ever. When my parents and I             at her house, we found she had waited up all night for us. The house did seem a little           without grandfather.
Grandfather had always said that the Christmas           was the most important decoration of all. So we immediately set to work on the beautiful artificial tree that was stored in grandfather's closet (壁橱). Through our efforts, we finally stepped back to             our handiwork. It looked beautiful.           something was missing.
"Where' s your star?" I asked.
The star was my grandmother' s favorite part of the tree.
"Why, it           be here somewhere," she said, starting to sort through the boxes again. "Your grandfather always           everything so carefully when he took the tree down."
As we emptied the boxes and          no star, my grandmother's eyes filled with tears. Grandfather had given it to grandmother some fifty years ago on their first Christmas together. It brought them great happiness. Now, on her first Christmas without him, the star was          , too.
"Don' t worry, Grandmother," I           her. "We'll find it for you."
My mother and I formed a search          . "Let' s start in on the closet where the ornaments (装饰品) were," Mother said. "Maybe the star just fell out of the box. "
That sounded         , so I began to search the closet. I thought I tried every        , but no star. I could see grandmother was          , although she tried not to show it.
"What's in this wrapped box?" Mother suddenly called out. "It was at the bottom of father's closet. "
Grandmother took the box in           and opened it. Her face           when she unfolded the paper and pulled out a golden star. There was a(n)           attached.
Don' t be angry with me, dear. I broke your star while packing the decorations, and I couldn't           to tell you. Thought it was time for a new one. I hope it brings you as much         as the first one. Merry Christmas!
Love,
Bryant
So grandmother's tree had a star after all, a star that expressed their everlasting love for one another. And we were glad we were able to make this Christmas           for her.
小题1:
A.arrivedB.lookedC.stayedD.worked
小题2:
A.noisyB.emptyC.safeD.clean
小题3:
A.flowerB.bellC.stockingD.tree
小题4:
A.admireB.repairC.paintD.design
小题5:
A.OrB.SoC.ButD.And
小题6:
A.mightB.mustC.needD.will
小题7:
A.packedB.decidedC.coveredD.searched
小题8:
A.madeB.leftC.foundD.felt
小题9:
A.goneB.hiddenC.brokenD.forgotten
小题10:
A.warnedB.persuadedC.remindedD.comforted
小题11:
A.gameB.classC.companyD.party
小题12:
A.challengingB.reasonableC.pleasantD.difficult
小题13:
A.suggestionB.directionC.possibilityD.method
小题14:
A.ashamedB.annoyedC.disappointedD.frightened
小题15:
A.fearB.reliefC.angerD.surprise
小题16:
A.clearedB.brightenedC.darkenedD.tightened
小题17:
A.articleB.noteC.receiptD.poem
小题18:
A.bearB.affordC.waitD.agree
小题19:
A.peaceB.changeC.luckD.joy
小题20:
A.specialB.funnyC.relaxingD.favorite
单项选择题 A2型题