问题 单项选择题

How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.

Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author()

A. hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment

B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view

C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering

D. Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

从文章最后一句话There is only one area of agrcement in this debate—that the existing poverfy,employment,and earnings statistics are inadequate for oneof their primary applieations,measuring the eonseqt Jences of labor market problems.可以看出,作者对现有的统计数据并不满意,认为新的统计标准应该被用来衡量失业和收入过少的职业。D选项也提到了统计法,但它说“统计法可能是造成它想衡量的现象的原因之一”,这种说法完全是无本之木。故正确选项为C。

问答题 案例分析题

甲、乙、丙三个公司在S市设立A灯具有限责任公司(以下简称“A公司”),拟定的注册资本为100万元,甲公司以货币出资10万元,以机器设备出资20万元,乙公司以货币出资10万元,以专利权出资35万元,丙公司以厂房出资25万元,但在公司登记时,工商行政管理机关有关人员指出股东出资不符合法律规定,经过更正后公司得以成立。该公司2012年发生如下事项:

(1)公司董事会通过如下决议:

①根据公司产品市场营销业务发展的需要,决定增设市场开发部,并根据总经理A的提名聘任B为市场开发部经理;

②根据总经理A的提名,解聘财务负责人C的职务,聘任监事D兼任财务负责人;

(2)王某为公司董事会的董事,A公司生产的灯具价廉物美,行销市场,在S市的灯具市场占有半壁江山。2012年A公司的灯具产品发生严重滞销,销售额持续下降。经调查,发现王某于2009年与几个朋友合资投资设立B照明器具有限责任公司(以下简称“B公司”),王某在B公司任常务副总经理,具体负责B公司的生产经营。由于B公司生产的灯具在用料、款式、功能方面与A公司生产的灯具相差无几,挤占A公司的一部分市场份额。于是,A公司董事会作出如下决议:

①要求王某将从B公司所得收入归A公司所有;

②撤销王某A公司董事的职务,增补张某为A公司的董事。

③2012年5月,经检查,发现A公司出资时甲企业出资的机器设备价值显著低于公司章程所定价额,但经过股东会的决议,将甲企业补足出资的义务免除。

要求:

根据公司法律制度的规定,分析回答下列问题:

(1)公司成立时拟定的注册资本数额是否符合法律规定?有限责任公司的最低资本限额为多少?

(2)股东的出资方式和出资额是否符合法律规定?并说明理由。

(3)公司董事会决定增设市场开发部和聘任开发部经理的决议是否符合法律规定?并说明理由。

(4)董事会聘任监事D为财务负责人是否符合法律规定?并说明理由。

(5)王某任B公司常务副总经理,负责B公司生产经营活动的行为是否符合规定?并说明理由。

(6)A公司董事会针对王某作出的两项决议是否符合法律规定?并说明理由。

(7)甲企业是否应该补足出资?乙和丙是否对甲出资不实承担责任?股东会对免除甲企业补足出资义务的决议是否符合规定?分别说明理由。

判断题