问题 问答题 简答题

试述什么是掇山?它的平面布置原则、方法是什么?

答案

参考答案:

掇山是堆叠山石以构成艺术造型。

平面布置的原则:

1、山脚线应设计成回转自如的曲线形状,禁忌成为直线或直线拐角。

2、山脚线的凸凹曲率半径,应与立面坡度相结合进行考虑。

3、应根据现场情况合理的控制山脚基底面积。

4、山脚平面布置的形状应保证山体的稳定安全。

平面布置的方法:

1、整个山脚的平面投影形状,可以采用转折方式的处理,使山势形成回转、凸凹。

2、山脚平面采用相互凸凹错开布置,如前后错落、左右错落、深浅错落、曲直错落、线段长短错落等处理,可使假山形状具有丰富的变化效果。

3、山脚向外延伸,山沟向内延伸,不但可以增添观赏效果,而且会给人造成深不可测的印象。两条余脉形成环抱之势,可以造成假山的局部半围空间,在此空间可以按幽静、点缀等的需要塑造另一翻天地。

单项选择题
阅读理解

D

Men and women who serve in the United States armed forces are proud of the names like

doughboy and GI Joe.The names have come from the American Civil War.

After the American Civil War in the eighteen sixties,a writer in a publication called Beadle’s Monthly used the word doughboy to describe Civil War soldiers.But word expert Charles Funk says that early writer could not explain where the name started.

About twenty years later,someone did explain.She was the wife of the famous American general George Custer.Elizabeth Custer wrote that a doughboy was a sweet food served to Navy men on ships.She also said the name was given to the large buttons on the clothes of soldiers.For example,the soldiers enjoyed their new GI very much.They looked smart and felt comfortable.Elizabeth Custer believed the name changed over time to mean the soldiers themselves.

By World War Two,soldiers were called other names.The one most often heard was GI, or GI Joe.Most people say the letters GI were a short way to say general issue or government issue.The name came to mean several things.It could mean the soldier himself.It could mean things given to soldiers when they joined the military such as weapons,equipment or clothes.And,for some reason,it could mean to organize,or clean.Soldiers often say,“We GI’d the place.”And when an area looks good.soldiers may say the area is“GI.”Strangely,though,GI can also mean poor work,a job badly done.

Some students of military words have another explanation of GI.They say that instead of government issue or general issue,GI came from the words galvanized iron.The American soldier was said to be like galvanized iron,a material produced for special strength.The Dictionary of Soldier Talk says GI was used for the words galvanized iron in a publication about the vehicles of the early twentieth century.

Today,a doughboy or GI may be called a grunt(咕哝声).Nobody is sure of the exact beginning of the word.But,the best idea probably is that the name comes from the sound that troops make when ordered to march long distances carrying heavy equipment.

68.Originally the word“doughboy”referred to             .

A.the American Civil War             B.a word expert in the 1860s

C.the American Civil War writers      D.a sweet food and the buttons

69.It was           who found how the name doughboy came about.

A.Elizabeth Custer                        B.George Custer

C.Charles Funk                                 D.Beadle's Monthly

70.What does GI mean in the example in Paragraph 4 ?

A.Clothes.                                B.Weapons.               

C.Government issues.                    D.Vehicles.

71.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Navy soldiers used to 1ike sweet food a lot in the wars.

B.Much noise was made when soldiers carried equipment.

C.Galvanized iron was a symbol of the soldiers.

D.A US soldier can be called a doughboy,a GI or a grunt.