问题 问答题 论述题

试述作物生物产量、经济产量和收获指数(或经济系数)的关系。

答案

参考答案:(1)生物产量是指作物一生中,全生育期内通过光合作用和吸收作用,即通过物质和能量的转化所生产和累积的各种有机物的总量,计算生物产量时通常不包括根系(块根作物除外)。

(2)经济产量是指栽培目的所需要的产品的收获量,即一般所指的产量。不同作物其经济产品器官不同,同一作物因栽培目的不同,其经济产量的概念也不同。如玉米,作为粮食和饲料作物栽培时,经济产量是指籽粒收获量,而作为青贮饲料时,经济产量则包括茎、叶和果穗的全部收获量。

(3)收获指数是经济产量占生物产量的比例,即生物产量转化为经济产量的效率。其高低仅表明生物产量转运到经济产品器官中的比例,并不表明经济产量的高低,通常,经济产量的高低与生物产量高低成正比。虽然不同作物的收获指数有其相对稳定的数值变化范围,但是,通过品种改良、优化栽培技术及改善环境条件等,可以使经济系数达到高值范围,在较高的生物学产量基础上获得较高的经济产量。

三者关系可用下式表示:经济产量=生物产量错经济系数。

阅读理解

Last week, I bought an alarm system for about $ 450. It consisted of a control unit with three small units. I put the control unit in the sitting-room and fastened the other units by the front door, back door and living-room windows. The instructions told us to choose three numbers, so we chose 4, 9 and 1, the last three numbers of our telephone number.

Now I must explain how the alarm works:

l There is a power siren(警报器) in the control unit. It makes a very loud noise.

2 Each of the small units sends out beams or rays in different directions. If anything moves, it breaks a beam. This sends a signal to the control unit. The siren makes a noise which you can hear 50 meters away.

3. When we go to bed, I press the three buttons numbered 4, 9 and 1. Then we have 30 seconds to get out of the room before the alarm starts to work.

That night I slept soundly because I was sure that no burglar(夜贼) could get into our house. However, at about 2:10 a. m., I woke up and heard the siren. “There must be a burglar in the house,” Mary said. “What shall we do?”“I’ll go and see who’s there,” I said. “Stay here. Don’t make a noise.”I went downstairs quietly. When I reached the living-room, I switched on my torch and looked round the room. Then I turned the light on. I switched the siren off and searched the rooms downstairs. There was nothing wrong except that the back door was unlocked. I locked it, reset the alarm and went back to bed. About an hour later, the alarm started again. I jumped out of bed, fell over a chair in the dark and bumped into the bedroom door. Mary woke up and started hitting me with a torch. “Hey! Wait a minute!” I whispered. “It’s only me. I’m going downstairs to see what’s wrong.”I went down into the living-room and listened for a moment. The only sound I could hear was the siren. I turned on the light and then switched the siren off. As I did so, I glanced across at the curtains in front of the windows. I saw a house lizard (a kind of small animal) disappear behind the curtains.“Oh!” I said to myself. “That’s our burglar. ”When the lizard moved, it started the siren. I guessed that the alarm had been made in Europe, where there are no house lizards. Well. I won’t finish this story but if you want an alarm system free of charge, let me know. I’ll send you ours. We bought a dog this morning. It knows the difference between a lizard and a burglar.

小题1:The writer bought an alarm system to ________.

A.make sure that he got up early every day

B.warn him when there were lizards in his house

C.frighten burglars and tell him that somebody had got into the house

D.make Mary feel safe to live in the large room小题2:The purpose of the three units was to________.

A.send a message to the control unit and start the siren

B.sound their own sirens when the control unit told them so

C.check that the control unit worked properly all the time

D.give them enough light小题3:If the writer set the alarm and remained in the room for more than half a minute, _______.

A.nothing would happen

B.the control unit would not work

C.the siren would make a noise

D.the dog would bark小题4:The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to ________.

A.tell us that the alarm system doesn’t work

B.tell us an interesting experience

C.show us how the alarm system works

D.make it clear that he wants to give away his alarm system

单项选择题