问题 问答题 简答题

怎样理解恩格斯阐明的历史结构和思想结构之间的关系?

答案

参考答案:

(1)恩格斯运用历史唯物主义的原理,阐明了历史结构和思想结构的关系。

(2)历史结构中的物质结构影响和决定思想结构。包括经济政治因素在内的社会历史结构酿成一种怯懦和耽于幻想的鄙俗的社会风气和社会心理,以潜在和泛化的形式,左右着人们的生态和心态,也不可避免地决定着作家和作品的思想倾向。

(3)社会的历史结构和作家作品的思想结构往往表现出一定的同构性,即具有大体上相统一的对应关系,但是也不能把作家作品的思想结构看成社会的、历史结构的、机械的等价和简单的分泌物。因为两者之间有纽带和缓冲地带的存在社会的风气和社会心理层面因素,而且一定时代的国家和地域的历史结构往往带有复杂的双重性或两面性,它们都要会以不同的方式影响和渗透思想结构。

选择题
阅读理解

Kincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11, running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.

Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He liked this country and felt unpressed stopping now and then to make notes about interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called “memory snapshots.” The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned north at Spokane, picking up U.S. Route 2, which would take him halfway across the northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.

He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog ,a golden retriever, maybe ,for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal .Still ,he thought about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. “I must get a dog then.” He said to himself.

Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it .Robert Kincaid was alone as it’s possible to be—an only child ,parents both dead , distant relatives who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.

He thought about Marian .She had left him nine years ago after five years of marriage. He was fifty-two now , that would make her just under forty .Marian had dreams of becoming a musician ,a folksinger .She knew all of the Weavers’ songs and sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle .When he was home in the old days, he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.

His long absences—two or three months sometimes—were hard on the marriage .He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they decided to get married ,and both of them had a vague(not clear) sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn’t when he came from photographing a story in Iceland and ,she was gone . The note read, “Robert ,it didn’t work out ,I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.”

He didn’t stay in touch .Neither did she .He3 signed the divorce papers when they arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for nothing except her freedom.

51. Which route is the right one taken by Kincaid?

A. Bellingham— Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—U.S Route 2—Duluth

B. U.S. Route 2—Bellingham—Washington 11—Puget Sound—U.S Route 20—Duluth

C. U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth –Bellingham—Washington 11

D. Bellingham— Washington 11—U.S. Route 2—U.S Route 20—Duluth

52. Which statement is true according to the passage?

A. Kincaid’s parents were dead and he only kept in touch with some distant relatives.

B. Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn’t been away from home too much.

C. Kincaid used to have a golden retriever.

D. Kincaid needed a dog in doing his hard fieldwork.

53. Why did Kincaid stop to take photos while driving?

A. To write “memory snapshots”

B. To remind himself of places he might want to visit again.

C. To avoid forgetting the way back.

D. To shoot beautiful scenery along the road.

54. What can you know about Marian?

A. She died after five years of marriage.

B. She was older than Kincaid.

C. She could sing very well and earned big money.

D. She was not a professional pop singer.

55. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that         .

A. Marian knew what would happen before she married Kincaid.

B. Kincaid thought his absence would be a problem when he married Marian.

C. It turned out that Marian could not stand Kincaid’s absence and left him.

D. After Marian left him, they still kept in touch with each other.