问题 单项选择题

一项对A国男女收入差异的研究结果表明,全职工作的女性的收入是全职工作的男性的收入的75%。然而,其他调查结果却一致显示,在A国所有受雇女性的平均年收入只是所有受雇男性的平均年收入的60%。
下面哪一项如果也被调查所证实,最有助于解释上面研究结果和调查结果之间的明显分歧( )

A.在A国,所有女性雇员的平均年收入与所有男性雇员的平均年收入的差距在过去的30年中一直在逐渐增大
B.在A国,全职工作的女性的平均年收入与完全相同的职业和工作条件下的全职工作的男性的平均年收入是一样的
C.在A国,女性工作者占据全职的、管理的、监督的、专业的职位的比例在增加,这些职位赚的钱通常比其他类型的职位赚的钱多
D.在A国,女性干兼职工作的比例比男性高,并且兼职工作者赚的钱通常比全职工作者的少

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 本题是一道解释型题。要解释的是研究结果和调查结果数据不一致的原因。A项只是阐述女性雇员的平均年收入和男性雇员的差距在过去的30年一直增大,但并未涉及研究结果和调查结果两者的关系,因而不能解释题干存在的分歧。题干指出“全职工作的女性的收入是全职工作的男性的收入的75%”,而B项增加了“平均年收入”的条件,指出全职工作的男女性的平均年收入是一样的,暂且不论为什么会出现这样的现象,但显然这个条件并没有和“受雇女性”联系起来,也就是仍然没有和调查结果发生联系,因而也不能解释题干中存在的分歧。C项则是个迷惑项,实际上假设C项成立的话,则只能有助于解释“占据全职的、管理的、监督的、专业的职位”的女性比“其他类型”的女性如兼职女性赚的钱多,并不能解释题干中存在的分歧,因为C项中只是说“比例在增加”,并未涉及具体的数字,既没有涉及女性全职工作者在受雇女性中的比例,也没有涉及和男性全职工作者的比较,因而也无助于解释题干分歧。D项则把“全职工作的女性”和“受雇女性”有机地联系了起来,指出在A国女性干兼职工作的比例比男性高,并且干兼职工作女性赚的钱比全职工作的女性少,这样就可以合理解释题干中的分歧,为正确选项。

单项选择题
填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.