问题 单项选择题

一项对A国男女收入差异的研究结果表明,全职工作的女性的收入是全职工作的男性的收入的75%。然而,其他调查结果却一致显示,在A国所有受雇女性的平均年收入只是所有受雇男性的平均年收入的60%。
下面哪一项如果也被调查所证实,最有助于解释上面研究结果和调查结果之间的明显分歧( )

A.在A国,所有女性雇员的平均年收入与所有男性雇员的平均年收入的差距在过去的30年中一直在逐渐增大
B.在A国,全职工作的女性的平均年收入与完全相同的职业和工作条件下的全职工作的男性的平均年收入是一样的
C.在A国,女性工作者占据全职的、管理的、监督的、专业的职位的比例在增加,这些职位赚的钱通常比其他类型的职位赚的钱多
D.在A国,女性干兼职工作的比例比男性高,并且兼职工作者赚的钱通常比全职工作者的少

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 本题是一道解释型题。要解释的是研究结果和调查结果数据不一致的原因。A项只是阐述女性雇员的平均年收入和男性雇员的差距在过去的30年一直增大,但并未涉及研究结果和调查结果两者的关系,因而不能解释题干存在的分歧。题干指出“全职工作的女性的收入是全职工作的男性的收入的75%”,而B项增加了“平均年收入”的条件,指出全职工作的男女性的平均年收入是一样的,暂且不论为什么会出现这样的现象,但显然这个条件并没有和“受雇女性”联系起来,也就是仍然没有和调查结果发生联系,因而也不能解释题干中存在的分歧。C项则是个迷惑项,实际上假设C项成立的话,则只能有助于解释“占据全职的、管理的、监督的、专业的职位”的女性比“其他类型”的女性如兼职女性赚的钱多,并不能解释题干中存在的分歧,因为C项中只是说“比例在增加”,并未涉及具体的数字,既没有涉及女性全职工作者在受雇女性中的比例,也没有涉及和男性全职工作者的比较,因而也无助于解释题干分歧。D项则把“全职工作的女性”和“受雇女性”有机地联系了起来,指出在A国女性干兼职工作的比例比男性高,并且干兼职工作女性赚的钱比全职工作的女性少,这样就可以合理解释题干中的分歧,为正确选项。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     On Easter Day, 1722, Dutch explorers (探索者) landed on Easter Island (复活岛). It was the first

time that Easter Islanders had met people from the outside world. The strangers were about to discover

something very strange themselves -that they were on an island with hundreds of huge stone statues (雕像). The Dutch explorers wondered where the Islanders had come from and why and how they had built

the statues. Now science is putting together the story.

    The first people to arrive on the island came there around A.D. 700. The society that developed there

was based on fishing and farming to feed the population, which grew to 12,000. Its success showed itself

in a way that has become the island's trademark (标记): hundreds of huge stone figures -the moai.

    None of the moai was standing when scientists first arrived. People put them back up later; but how

had a Stone Age society ever made, moved and set them up there in the first place? And why?

    There are nearly 900 moai on Easter Island, and while the questions about them remain unanswered, no one doubts the years of effort that must have gone into making them.

    The real killer of the Easter Islanders came from across the ocean. After 1722, it became popular for

explorers to visit Easter Island, bringing diseases. The final blow (打击) came in 1862, when slave traders came from Peru and took away 1,500 people, one-third of the population.

1. Before the Dutch explorers arrived on Easter Island, _____.

A. Easter Island was separate from the outside world

B. they knew where Islanders had come from

C. they discovered something dangerous    

D. the huge stone statues were upright

2. When the first explorers arrived on the island, they _____.

A. were frightened by the huge stone statues

B. were surprised by what they saw

C. set many of the moai on the island upright

D. fished and farmed

3. All researchers agree that _____.

A. the natives could hardly support themselves

B. the moai must have taken a great effort to make

C. the Islanders mainly died of diseases brought by explorers

D. the explorers helped the Islanders live better lives

4. The passage implies that _____.

A. the Islanders built the moai to show off their success

B. the Dutch explorers discovered how the moai had been built

C. in 1862, before slave traders came, about 4,500 people were living on Easter Island

D. the natives of Easter Island have been there for about 1,200 years

5. "The real killer" in the last paragraph refers to _____.

A. the slave traders              

B. the scientists

C. the explorers                

D. the moai

单项选择题