问题 填空题

图是一个生态系统的食物网.据图回答下列问题:

(1)图中属于生产者的是______.

(2)该食物网中,数量最少的生物是______.

(3)该食物网中共有______ 条食物链.

(4)如果将狐、鹰等食肉动物大量捕杀,在短期内兔的数量将会发生怎样的变化?______.

答案

(1)在生态系统中,绿色植物能够通过光合作用制造有机物.有机物中储存着来自阳光的能量.植物制造的有机物,不仅供给了植物自身,也是动物的食物来源,因此,植物是生态系统中的生产者.动物不能自己制造有机物,它们直接或间接地以植物为食,因而叫做消费者.该生态系统中的生产者--草,消费者--兔、狐、鼠、蛇、鹰.

(2)在一般情况下,生态系统中各种生物的数量和所占比例是相对稳定的.植物的数量最多,食肉动物数量最少,植食动物的数量大于食肉动物数量,而小于植物的数量.

(3)在生态系统中,生产者和消费者之间由于吃与被吃的关系而形成的链状结构叫做食物链.食物链起始环节是生产者,终止于最高级消费者,箭头方向指向捕食者.食物链彼此交错连接形成食物网.计算食物网中食物链的条数,从生产者开始先算有几个分支,再分别算出每个分支有几条,最后求出每个分支的条数和.该生态系统中,从草开始有两个分支,一个分支有两条即:草→兔→猫头鹰、草→兔→狐;另一个分支有三条即:草→鼠→狐、草→鼠→鹰、草→鼠→蛇→鹰.共由5条食物链构成.

(4)在生态系统中,食物链和食物网中的各种生物之间存在着相互依赖、相互制约的关系.如果食物链或食物网中某一环节出了问题,就会影响到整个生态系统,在食物链“草→兔→狐”中大量地捕杀狐,则兔失去了天敌的控制,在短期内就大量的繁殖,数量增加,使草大量减少,造成植被减少,导致生态平衡被破坏.在食物链“草→兔→鹰”中大量地捕杀鹰,同理,在短期内兔的数量也会增加.
故答案为:(1)草;(2)鹰;(3)5;(4)增加.

阅读理解

No one doubts that students should study languages, maths and science in high school, but some may object to the idea that they should study art and music as well. To them, these subjects are useless for students’ future and are not worth the time and effort. In my opinion, however, it is necessary for middle school students to study art and music.

Art and music are a precious culture legacy(遗产), which bring us pleasure and enjoyment. Have you ever been deeply moved by Beethoven’s famous Fifth Symphony(第五交响曲)? Have you ever been fascinated by the colorful starry night produced by Vincent Van Gogh in his paint? Have you ever longed for the moving love between the Butterfly Lovers when you hear this well-known Chinese melody(曲调)? Art and music are not only images and sounds, but something beyond them. They are the products of passion and human wisdom(智慧).

Art and music help make students more creative. Artists and musicians are considered the most creative people in the world. It is because art and music sharpen their senses and provide a different perspective (视角) for them to see the world. Many great scientists benefited from art and music. Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, as well as an excellent violin player, is a good example.

Enjoying art and music is also a good way to relax. Middle school students, who typically carry heavy burdens of study, will definitely(明确地)benefit from it.

To sum up, art and music should absolutely be included in the middle school courses, for they can bring students pleasure and relaxation.

小题1:According to the author, people who think art and music are useless for middle school students __________.

A.don’t understand the value of art and music

B.don’t know the history of art and music at all

C.never benefit from artists and musicians

D.know little about the trend of future education小题2:In paragraph 2, the author tries to argue that __________.

A.Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians

B.art and music help express people’s emotions

C.art and music are precious pictures and sounds

D.art and music bring people joy and quality life小题3:The example of Einstein is used to __________.

A.show the importance of creativity

B.prove that scientists are creative

C.encourage students to study art and music

D.provide students with a new way to see the world小题4:Which of the following is an effective way for middle school students to study?

A. Relaxing themselves regularly while studying.

B. Attending concerts during holidays or after school.

C. Avoiding too much homework by studying art and music.

D. Listening to music while studying language, maths or other subjects.小题5:Which of the following is used to support the writer’s opinion?

A.Art and music help people become scientists.

B.Art and music provide people with more opportunities.

C.Art and music are beneficial to students in other subjects.

D.Art and music are helpful to make students creative learners.

单项选择题