问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 本会以国地日割,国权日削,国民日困,思维持困救之,故开斯会以冀保全。……保吾家 * * 土地,保人民种类之自立,保圣教之不失。

——《保国会章程》

材料二 一些人指使御史文悌上章弹劾,诋毁保国会“名为保国,势必乱国……徙欲保中国四万万人,而置我大清国以度外。”光绪帝为此说:“会为保国,岂不大善?”下令将文悌革职。

——《戊戌变法》全刊第二册

请回答:

(1)材料一反映了怎样的社会背景?据材料归纳保国会的宗旨。

(2)文悌一派代表哪一集团?其弹劾保国会的理由有哪些?据材料二指出光绪帝支持保国会的根本目的。

(3)据材料二分析保国会夭折的原因。

(4)据以上材料指出保国会的性质,并分析其影响。

答案

(1)民族危机日趋严重。保国、保种、保教。

(2)封建守旧势力。保国会“乱国”;保百姓不保清王朝。维护清王朝

统治。

(3)封建守旧势力的攻击和破坏。

(4)保国会是维新派发动和组织的爱国救亡团体。推动了维新变法运动的进一步发展。

本题的意图在于培养特定历史阶段分析问题的能力,源于教材又高于教材,能较好展示训练分析和阐释能力。戊戌变法在民族危机大大加深的背景下出现,具有一定的早产性,在很多问题上会遇到封建守旧势力的阻挠,保国会是维新组织机构,成为被阻挠中心,保国是发展资本主义的前提。本题第(1)题要求归纳概括;第(2)题考查阶级分析;第(3)题考查当时帝后两党的力量差距和斗争的尖锐性;第(4)题考查变法的性质和影响,注意影响和结果有一定差异,结果是外显的、静态的;影响是潜在的、动态的。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解

      Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball.

Shay asked, "Do you think they'll let me play?" Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not

want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son,mentally and

physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a muchneeded sense of belonging and

some confidence.

     Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting

much.The boy looked around and said,"We're losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighth

inning (局). I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him in to bat in the final inning."

     Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had

a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart.The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted.

     In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three.In the

top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field.Even though no hits came his way, he

was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field.In the bottom of the final inning, Shay's team

scored again.Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.Would they let Shay bat and give away their

chance to win the game?

     Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible.The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed.The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards

Shay.As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.

     The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and

that would have been the end of the game.Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the

first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates.The audience and the players from both teams started

screaming," Shay, run to first!" Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base,

wideeyed and shocked.

     Everyone shouted," Run to second !" Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head.

     All were screaming, "Shay, Shay, Shay, all the way Shay." Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, "Shay, run to third." As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, "Shay, run home!" Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.

    That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world.Shay didn't make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!

1. Not expecting much, Shay's father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the

     father ________.

A. noticed some of the boys on the field were hesitating

B. guessed his presence would affect the boys' decision

C. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay well

D. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted

2. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys ________.

A. believed they were sure to win the game

B. would like to help Shay enjoy the game

C. found Shay was so eager to be a winner

D. felt forced to give Shay another chance

3. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head, probably because

    that boy ________.

A. was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose

B. looked forward to winning the game for his team

C. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman

D. saw that Shay already reached second base

4. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay's becoming the hero for his team?

A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.

B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.

C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.

D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.