问题 问答题 论述题

人类心理结构中的智力结构、意志结构与审美结构的关系如何?

答案

参考答案:

人类社会实践不仅使外在自然发生改变,成为人化的自然,而且使内在自然发生改变,形成了人类文化--心理结构。人类的心理结构从横向方面来看,主要包括智力结构、意志结构和审美结构三个部分。

1、智力结构。人类主体的智力结构从感觉、知觉到逻辑思维都是建立在极为漫长的人类使用、创造、更新、调节工具的劳动活动基础之上的。人类在运用物质工具能动地改造或征服自然的活动中,才能把多种多样的自然规律性的结构、形式,首先保存、积累在这种实践活动之中,然后才能转化为语言、符号和文化的信息体系,最终才内化为人类的智力结构,产生和动物不同的人类认识世界的主体性。

2、意志结构。离开了人类的社会实践也不可能有理性的凝聚和意志结构的建构。这是因为人类以使用和创造工具的劳动生产实践为根本基础和纽带,才把原始动物群体组织改变为人的社会组织。在人的实践、行为、活动、情感、愿望等感性中的理性凝聚,如同在认识论感性直观中有理性内化一样,这就是所谓的自由意志。

3、美感心理结构。审美结构表现为理性积淀的感性。在认识或智力结构中,超生物性表现为感性的社会实践活动内化为理性;在伦理或意志结构中,超生物性表现为理性的凝聚和对感性的强制,实际都表现为一般压倒个别,即超生物性对感性的优势。而审美结构则不同,它不再是一般压倒个别,而是总体与个体、感性和理性,在感性自身的交融统一;也不再是对感性个体的强制或制约,而是沉积着一般的个性潜能的充分培育和发展。

人类的文化--心理结构包括三个方面或内容,智力结构是人类理性的内化,意志结构是人类理性的凝聚,而审美心理结构是人类理性的积淀。它们作为普遍形式是人类群体超生物族类的确证。它们表现在个体心理上却是以不断开拓和丰富自身的创造行功能而成为“自由直观”(以美启真)、“自由意志”(以美储善)和“自由感受”(审美愉快)。这是人类在改造客观世界中所建构的主体性的主观方面即人性结构,也是人类内在自然人化的历史成果。

阅读理解

                              Welcome to Gold Coast Wax Museum

HIGHLIGHTS

The Gold Wax(蜡像) Museum is one of the Cold Coast's longest running attractions.  It's a collection of famous figures.  It's Australia's largest museum of its kind, featuring more than 110 life-size wax figures copies of British and Australian History.

The Wax Museum is visited by many thousands of people each year who are shocked at the amazing realism of the life-size figures in authentic costumes. This is your invitation to wander through at your leisure and meet many important and famous people's figures on Queensland's Gold Coast.

Come face to face with such celebrities as Michael Jackson, President Obama, past President  John F. Kennedy, King Hussein, members of the Royal Family, and many others whose lives have all  left an indelible(擦不掉的) mark on our world.  Information cards are located alongside each figure.

The Gold Coast Wax Museum contains figures which have been made by leading local and overseas sculptors to international standards, equal in quality to the world's best, as seen in Europe, the United Kingdom, and U. S. A.  The detail in the figures is amazing -and includes hair applied one strand at a time, requiring many working hours for one hand, and the eyes are so real that they seem to follow the viewer around.

Price

Child (1-3yrs) free

Child (4-12yrs) $ 22. 00

Adult  $ 29. 00

Family (2 Adults + I Child) $68.00

Opening hours

Open 7 days a week, 10a. m.  to l0p. m.

Closed at Christmas Day (25 Dec. ) and Anzac Day (25 Apr. )

Location

Ferny Ave, Surfers Paradise ( Gold Coast ) QLD

How to get there

You can choose any of the Gold Coast airport transfers, car rentals, shuttles and private transfers to/from your hotel. Many coach  operators also offer Gold  Coast transfers to surrounding attractions, beaches, and the more distant destinations, throughout the day.

What to bring

Bring your sense of adventure and your camera and  see something exciting and quite unique.

For further information, please click here to see more about the Gold Coast Wax Museum.

小题1: If you visit the Gold Coast Wax Museum, you can

A.see many members of the Royal Family in person in the Museum

B.enjoy some world-class vivid max-works in the Museum

C.meet many leading local and internatioanal sculptors in the Museum

D.e at any time of the year except at Christmas Day小题2: If a couple and their l0-year-old son visit the Gold Coast Wax Museum, they may pay_____.

A.$87

B.$80

C.$68

D.$58小题3: You will most probably find this passage ______.

A.in a guidebook

B.in a magazine

C.in a text book

D.on a webpage

单项选择题