问题 单项选择题

患者,男性,38岁,每日吸烟2包十余年。3个月前发现舌右侧缘中份发白,并有不适,进食时尤为明显。体检见一处白色斑块,形状不规则,大小约2cm×1cm,颜色均一,呈小颗粒状突起于黏膜表面,触之仍较柔软,口腔内其余黏膜未见明显异常。

如取舌右侧缘组织活检,出现以下哪种病理表现应该引起重视

A.上皮过度正角化

B.上皮异常增生

C.基底细胞液化变性

D.固有层淋巴细胞带状浸润

E.PAS染色见菌丝和孢子

答案

参考答案:E

解析: 口腔白斑病好发于颊黏膜咬合线区域,舌部次之,可以分为均质型和非均质型两大类,前者可以表现为斑块状、皱纸状,后者可以表现为颗粒状、疣状,溃疡状,口腔白斑病的发生与吸烟史的长短及吸烟量的多少呈正比关系;白色角化病临床上也可表现为灰白色或白色的斑块,但应不高于或微高于黏膜表面,触之平滑柔软,除去刺激因素后,病损逐渐变薄,最后可完全消退;口腔扁平苔藓有时也可表现为白色斑块,但通常还可在其他部位,如颊、舌、前庭沟、牙龈等处见到不规则的白色网状条纹,也可表现为充血、糜烂、萎缩等,常对称性发生,且病损面积、形状、部位可以发生变化。本例中根据长期大量的吸烟史,病损呈小颗粒状突起,孤立存在且位置固定,最可能的诊断为口腔白斑病。口腔白斑病的均质型,不仅指病损的颜色、形状一致,而且也包括病损质地均匀一致,平滑不突出于黏膜表面,本例中病损呈小颗粒状突起于黏膜表面,应属于非均质型白斑。口腔白斑病伴有上皮异常增生时,其恶变潜能随上皮异常增生程度的增加而增大,因此对于口腔白斑病应首先进行组织活检,评估是否发生上皮异常增生及发生异常增生的程度。白色水肿可以表现为透明的灰白色光滑的“面纱样”膜,白色海绵状痣可以表现为灰白色水波样皱褶或沟纹,迷脂症可以表现为丛集或散在的淡黄色颗粒,梅毒也可以出现口腔黏膜灰白色斑块,上述表现均与口腔白斑病类似;而淋病则出现口腔黏膜充血、发红,可有糜烂或浅表溃疡,并覆盖有黄白色假膜,假膜易于拭去,呈现出血性创面,与上述疾病的临床表现都不同。

判断题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture,and this is shown in traditional dress. You

 often find three colours-red, gold and green-in the clothing.The first colour stands for (象征) the blood

  of millions of people who suffered as slaves (奴隶); the second is for the rich resources (资源) of the

  African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home.

     Because clothing has a strong social meaning, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It

 would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing, or to wear clothes in the wrong way. For

  example, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband (腰带) differently according to the importance

 of the social event.

     Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose (宽松的)

 clothing. Tile climate, with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges (变化), requires that the clothes are

  comfortable for daily life.

     Although many people wear Western clothes,particularly in the big cities in Africa,traditional African

 dress is very highly valued. This is because it has deep cultural meanings.

1. The passage is mainly about _____.

    A. the history of clothes in Africa        

    B. modern fashion styles in Africa

    C. the meanings of traditional dress in Africa  

    D. the materials used in traditional dress in Africa

2. According to the passage,red _____.

    A. represents the setting sun                  

    B. stands for the African earth

    C. is chosen because it is a bright colour        

    D. is a reminder of the sad history in Africa

3. Traditional dress should also be practical because _____.

    A. it needs to keep people dry in the rainy season  

    B. it needs to protect people from the climate

    C. people wear it in the big cities            

    D. it has deep cultural meanings