问题 问答题 论述题

作物的抗旱性、耐盐性和抗寒性的含义是什么?其主要育种方法有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(一)抗旱性的含义:3种类型:大气、土壤、混合干旱。主要育种方法:杂交育种,分子标记辅助选择、远缘杂交和遗传工程等。

(二)耐盐性的含义:

作物对盐害的耐性称为耐盐性(salt tolerance)。

耐盐性的2种类型:

避盐性(salt escaping)—避盐性(玉米、高粱)是通过泌盐以避免盐害的;或大麦通过吸水与加速生长以稀释吸进的盐分或通过选择吸收以避免盐害。耐盐性—通过生理的适应,忍受进入细胞的盐类。一是细胞渗透调节以适应盐渍产生的水分胁迫;二是消除盐对酶和代谢产生的毒害,并通过代谢产物与盐类结合,减少游离离子对原生质的破坏作用。

耐盐品种的选育耐盐性鉴定筛选:杂交和选择育种诱变技术应用遗传工程手段选育作物耐盐基因型。

(三)抗寒性的含义:

寒品种选育:资源筛选与鉴定地方品种,引进品种,野生近缘作物。

填空题

Stress is our response to threatening or (1) events. We may experience different levels of stress depending on the (2) , meaning the events or circumstances that cause us to feel stress. Stressors can be classified into (3) main categories: (4) events, personal stressors, and (5) stressors. Cataclysmic events are major events that cause stress (6) , immediately, for a great many people at once. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress, including (7) life events. Background stressors are (8) hassles, or minor irritations, or (9) background stressors. Repeated exposure to stressors has both psychological and (10) consequences. The long- term consequence is that body tissues such as the heart and blood vessels can begin to (11) . The (12) system functions less effectively, and (13) our ability to fight off illnesses.
The General Adaptation (14) explains the sequence of physiological reactions to stress. There are three phases to G. A. S. The first is the " alarm and (15) " phase: we respond with alarm, and take (16) to remove the stressor. The second phase is the (17) stage: we fight against the stressor or try to cope with the stressor. This can lead to the third phase. (18) . The exhaustion phase may be an (19) way of trying to avoid the stressors. The body may be telling us that we need to do whatever is (20) to remove the stressor.

Stress is our response to threatening or (1) events. We may experience different levels of stress depending on the (2) , meaning the events or circumstances that cause us to feel stress. Stressors can be classified into (3) main categories: (4) events, personal stressors, and (5) stressors. Cataclysmic events are major events that cause stress (6) , immediately, for a great many people at once. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress, including (7) life events. Background stressors are (8) hassles, or minor irritations, or (9) background stressors. Repeated exposure to stressors has both psychological and (10) consequences. The long- term consequence is that body tissues such as the heart and blood vessels can begin to (11) . The (12) system functions less effectively, and (13) our ability to fight off illnesses.
The General Adaptation (14) explains the sequence of physiological reactions to stress. There are three phases to G. A. S. The first is the " alarm and (15) " phase: we respond with alarm, and take (16) to remove the stressor. The second phase is the (17) stage: we fight against the stressor or try to cope with the stressor. This can lead to the third phase. (18) . The exhaustion phase may be an (19) way of trying to avoid the stressors. The body may be telling us that we need to do whatever is (20) to remove the stressor.

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