问题 问答题 简答题

简述裴斯泰洛齐关于教育心理学化的观点。

答案

参考答案:

(1)裴氏在教育史上第一个明确提出了“教育心理化”的口号;

(2)裴氏的“教育心理化”大致包含二层涵义:一是就教育的目的或结果而言,要求教育应使人固有的、内在的能力得到培养和发展;

(3)其次是就教育活动或过程而言,要求教育应与儿童的心理特点及人性规律协调一致,注意个别差异,区别对待素质不同的儿童,使儿童在获取知识、发展智慧和道德情感诸方面,都处于自然主动的地位。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     There is an English saying:“1._________.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.

Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.

2. ________

     Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films

while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter

has similar effects to physical exercise. 3.__________. If laughter exercises the body, it must be

beneficial(有益的).

     Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.

In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.

The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny

program.4._________.

      5.__________. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making

them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.

A. Laughter can prolong(延长)one’s life.

B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in

which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.

C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals

in the brain which diminish (减少) both stress and pain.

D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of

muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.

E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.

F. Laughter is the best medicine.

G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health

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