问题 问答题 简答题

简述炼乳预热杀菌作用。

答案

参考答案:

①杀灭原料乳中的病原菌,抑制或破坏对成品质量有害的其它微生物,以保证产品质量的安全性;破坏和钝化酶的活力,防止成品产生脂肪水解、酶促褐变等不良现象,提高产品的贮藏性。

②对牛乳在真空浓缩前进行起预热,可以保证沸点进料,使浓缩过程稳定进行,提高蒸发速度。若低温的原料乳进入浓缩设备,原料乳与加热器温差过大,骤然受热,易在加热器表面焦化结垢,影响传热效率与成品质量。

③使乳蛋白质适当变性,同时一些钙盐会沉淀下来,提高了酪蛋白的热稳定性,还可以获得适宜的黏度,防止成品出现变稠和脂肪上浮等现象。若采用预先加糖方式时,通过预热可以使蔗糖完全溶解。

单项选择题
阅读理解

The nine-year-old Marc Yu is called Little Mozart. He is too short to reach the pedals (踏板) of a piano. Marc, from California, USA, says, “The problem is that my legs aren’t straight enough, so I have to get very close to the piano.”

Marc’s 34-year-old mother played Beethoven’s CDs to him when she was pregnant . Marc started playing the piano at a birthday party when he was only two. While the other children were singing “twinkle, twinkle, little star …”, he walked over to the piano and started playing the song. It astonished his mother, because that was the first time he’d been near a piano. Marc gave his first public performance, playing Beethoven, at six, the same age as Mozart. After that concert, Marc won a £225,000 university scholarship.

At present he practices the piano eight hours a day. He also studies part-time at the famous Colbum Music School in Los Angeles, and flies once a month to China for lessons at Shanghai Music School. Marc says, “I like playing the piano because it makes me have a lot of different feelings —sadness, excitement, happiness and so on. I like playing difficult pieces, especially those that my teacher says I shouldn’t.”

小题1:The nine-year-old Marc Yu is from       .

A.China

B.France

C.Canada

D.the United States小题2:Marc played the piano at the age of        for the first time.

A.two

B.five

C.six

D.nine小题3:According to the passage, the underlined word “astonished” means “     ” in Chinese.

A.使……理解

B.使……担心

C.使……惊奇

D.使……难过小题4:At present Marc practices playing the piano        .

A.once a month

B.eight hours a day

C.in his free time

D.only on weekends小题5:What Marc says in the last paragraph tells us that       .

A.he likes challenges

B.he doesn’t like challenges

C.he is afraid of challenges

D.he wants to be happy and famous.