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完全竞争市场中，厂商的长期均衡和行业的长期均衡的含义是什么？

答案

参考答案：

（1）厂商的长期均衡意味着

①厂商实现其利润最大化；

②厂商的经济利润为零。

（2）行业的长期均衡意味着没有一厂商倾向于改变自己的行为，包括：

①厂商的产出水平是最优的，即实现其利润最大化；

②该行业中厂商数目是均衡的，除非影响供给和需求的某些因素发生变化。

阅读理解
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph.  There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A．The reasons for the problematic food situation in Britain.
B．The effect of the situation on farmers.
C．The variety of British food.
D．The surface richness of food and questions it brings.
E. The different situations at home and abroad.
F. The recent reason for the huge supply of food.
 
1
The long years of food shortage in Britain have suddenly given way to huge food supply.  Stores and shops are crowded with food.  Rationing(定量供应) has already seemed too distant to today’s Britons.  Even overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries.  Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and worries.  Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about?  Is the surface huge amount of food only temporary, or has it come to stay?  Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home?
2
The recent growth of food supply on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because two continuous big grain harvests in North America are now being followed by a third.  Most of Britain’s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.
3
    Then why is the food situation in Britain still faulty?  On the one hand, The British government has gradually cut down support for food.  On the other hand, the shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.
4
    Moreover, the rise in food prices at home has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety.  And now grain prices, too, are falling internationally.  British consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be able to benefit from this trend.
5
The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers.  The older generation have seen it all happen before.  Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a smaller home market.  Present production is running quickly compared with years ago.  However, farmers haven’t shared any benefit from the change.
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多项选择题

基肥之所以重要，是因为它不仅为作物全生育期提供养分，同时还具有（）、（）的作用。

A.培肥土壤

B.改良土壤

C.为下一茬作物提供养分

D.提高土壤盐基饱和度
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