问题 问答题 简答题

简述对缺铁性贫血患者饮食的护理措施,以及对易患人群及患者的健康教育。

答案

参考答案:

(1)饮食护理:

①应进食高蛋白、高维生素、高铁质食品,含铁多食品如肝、瘦肉、豆类、紫菜、木耳、海带等,动物食品的铁较植物铁更易吸收。

②长期不吃肉食的偏食习惯,可以引起缺铁性贫血,必须让患者认识并给予纠正。

③食用含维生素C的食品,有利于铁吸收。

④餐后即刻饮浓茶会影响铁的吸收,因为茶叶中含鞣酸与铁结合形成不易吸收的物质。饮茶在餐后2小时较适宜。

(2)健康教育:

①对易患人群的预防教育:对婴幼儿强调改进喂养方法,应及时增加辅食,如蛋黄、青菜、瘦肉和肝等合铁丰富食品。妊娠期、哺乳期妇女除食用含铁多的食物外,还可每日服少量硫酸亚铁0.2g。世界卫生组织提出在孕妇和婴幼儿食品中加入少量铁剂,在瑞典首先实行,效果极佳,目前认为可议推广应用。

②对患者的指导:向本病患者说明贫血的病因及积极根治病因的重要意义,以提高自我保健意识。

③本病预后取决于原发病根治情况,若能根治,则贫血可彻底治愈。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

While some international couriers are showing signs of exhaustion, EMS (Express Mail Service), the generic name for the courier services of post offices, seems to be finding its stride. Known as Datapost in Britain, as Chronopost in France, and as Al-Barid al-Mumtaz in Saudi Arabia, EMS is now second in the international courier business (jointly with TNT Skypack). Last year it delivered 5.6 million items, weighing less than 20 kilograms each, across borders. That and its annual growth rate of around 5 percent have worried DHL, the market leader, enough for it to counter-attack in the Courts.
On October 26, a Dutch judge ruled against DHL on all three counts filed against the Dutch post office: that the three-initial name was too close to DHL’s; that the orange lines in the EMS logo were too similar to DHL’s dark red ones; and that the claim to the widest route system in the world was unfounded. DHL has threatened the Swiss post office with similar action, but it may reconsider after the Dutch ruling.
EMS has some advantages over the private couriers. One is a dense ready-made network of offices, especially in Europe, the avowed target area of the private couriers. Another advantage is a long tradition of working with customs authorities. In a business where minutes count, it pays to have good friends at customs. That advantage particularly irritates the private couriers because there is no legal way to combat such unquantifiable coziness.
The private courier services are also annoyed because in countries like Switzerland and Italy, where the post office is officially a monopoly, they pay it a fee. In Switzerland DHL says it pays more than SFr lm ($708,000) "to the competition" each year. In France the couriers have won a battle for exoneration.
Although governments are under little pressure to keep prices artificially low, EMS is often cheaper than the private couriers, but not always. A recent test in Britain(on a domestic route)showed Datapost about halfway between the least and the most expensive, but gave it full marks for speed and service.
Each national EMS is free to set its rates and follow its own rules on things like bulk discounts. The Universal Postal Union, based in Berne, determines how costs and revenues are split between sending and receiving countries, and standardizes procedures. More than 100 postal administrations have linked into the system — and more are coming, including Russia’s. That makes the feisty EMS particularly happy since its rivals have not been allowed to serve anywhere in Russia.

Which of the following questions is answered according to the passage

A.What advantages does EMS have over the private couriers

B.When was EMS set up

C.How many countries have started EMS

D.What items are not allowed in EMS