问题 问答题 简答题

简述慢性肾衰患者的对症治疗。

答案

参考答案:(1)心血管系统:高脂血症的治疗和一般高脂血症相同。高血压患者除可选用ACEI类外还可以选用钙拮抗剂、α一受体阻滞剂和利尿剂。心力衰竭者应注意强心药的使用剂量。心律失常者注意维持血钾的稳定、纠正其他电解质紊乱,必要时再使用抗心律失常药物。

(2)纠正酸中毒:轻者口服碳酸氢钠片剂,严重者(HC03<13.5mmol/L时)静脉输注5%碳酸氢钠或进行透析治疗。纠正酸中毒的同时注意补钙,防止低钙引起手足抽搐。

(3)治疗贫血:重组促人红细胞生成素是治疗肾性贫血的特效药。同时补充造血原料,如铁剂和叶酸,严重贫血者可适当输入新鲜血。

(4)治疗肾性骨病:骨化三醇对提高血钙治疗骨软化症疗效甚佳,甲状旁腺次全切除对纤维性骨炎、转移性钙化有效。

计算题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     It was a terribly rainy wet winter day.While I was walking from the library after getting

my University applications (申请) for next year at the end of my lunch break,a man was

walking towards me with two huge boxes of brochures (小册子).

     I thought,"What on earth is that man trying to do?Carry all those things?" Then all of a

sudden he dropped them all!It was a terrible mess with hundreds of brochures all over the

 path in front of me!"Oh,no," I thought.The man sat down and started trying to pick all

of the brochures up.I couldn't believe how many people walked on by without even

caring at all.

     I thought,"I'm not going to be one of those people who don't care about this man.I'm

going to help him."So,even though it was the end of my lunch break from work and I would

 be late if I stopped to help him,I didn't mind.If I explained what happened,I was sure my

boss wouldn't mind too much.So,I helped him pick them all up.Then I asked if he would

like a hand in carrying a box to where he went.He said yes gratefully.

     I carried one of the heavy boxes.The box I had to carry was very heavy-as I'm quite

a petite (娇小的) girl-but I didn't complain.I just helped him with a big smile across my

face.We got there and he thanked me very much for helping him out.He also gave me one

of these lovely brochures about all the walks in and around the Bay of Plenty.

     What is a better way to spend my lunchtime than helping someone?Luckily,I wasn't that

late back to work,so nobody minded at all!

1.Whatdidtheauthorprobablydo?

A.Alibrarian.

B.Acollegestudent.

C.Awaitress.

D.Acompanyworker.

2.Theauthorwassurprisedthat________.

A.manypeoplewouldn'thelptheman

B.themancarriedtwolargeboxesofbrochures

C.thebrochuresfelldowntotheground

D.manypeoplepickedupthebrochuresandwentaway  

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,ifshehelpedthemanshewould________.

A.missherlunch

B.arrivelateforwork

C.beaskedtopayforthebrochures

D.beaskedtocarryaboxofbrochures

4.Howdidthemanthanktheauthor?

A.Heinvitedherforawalk.

B.Hewroteherathank­youletter.

C.Heofferedherabrochure.

D.Hesmiledabigsmileather.

5.Whichofthefollowingopinionsdoestheauthoragreewith?

A.Neverlaughatothers.

B.Carryingsomethinglightiswise.

C.Neverspeakwithastranger.

D.Helpingothersismuchfun.