问题 填空题

(5分)在宏观、微观和符号之间建立联系是化学学科的特点。

(1)下列是几种粒子的结构示意图。

①             ②                ③               ④

它们表示      种元素,       表示的是原子,       表示的是阴离子(填序号)。

(2)A物质常用于焊接和切割金属,相对分子质量为26。把一定质量的纯净物A和40g的纯净物B在一定条件下按下图所示充分反应,当B物质反应完全时,可生成44gC物质和9gD物质。

①该反应的化学方程式为               

② A物质中各元素的质量比为           

答案

28.(5分,每空1分。)

(1)三,①③④,②。

(2)①2C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O

②12:1(或1:12)

题目分析:(1)质子数决定元素种类,图中共有三种元素;原子中,质子数=核电荷数=核外电子数=原子序数,①③④表示的是原子,②表示的是阴离子;

(2)①由题中信息可知,该化学反应的方程式为: 2C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O;

②一定质量的纯净物A和40g的纯净物B在一定条件下充分反应,当B物质反应完时,可生成44g C物质和9gD物质,根据质量守恒定律,则参加反应A物质的质量=44g+9g-40g=13g;

根据反应的微观示意图可知,该反应为物质A与B物质(氧气)反应生成C物质(二氧化碳)和D物质(水);生成物二氧化碳中的C元素、水中H元素全部来自于物质A;则物质A中C元素的质量=44g××100%=12g、H元素质量=9g××100%=1g,其中C、H元素质量和=12g+1g=13g正好等于参加反应的A物质的质量,说明物质A中只含C、H两种元素,且C、H两元素的质量比=12g:1g=12:1;则碳氢原子个数比是1:1,因是焊接常用气体,则该气体是C2H2

点评:由微观示意图推测化学反应方程式,难度较大;化合物中某种组成元素的质量=化合物的质量×化合物中该元素的质量分数。

阅读理解

New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones,I Don't Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳节奏) for safe driving,imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake's Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.

The study,conducted at London Metropolitan University,also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly,music that is noisy increases a driver's heart rate,which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hip­hop made a female driver drive far more aggressively,speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.

The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app,which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.

小题1:What's the main idea of the whole passage?

A.Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way.

B.A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app.

C.What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving.

D.Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music.小题2:The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________.

A.controlled

B.banned

C.modeled

D.showed小题3:.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10.

B.Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.

C.The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely.

D.The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers.小题4:If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage,the author may mention________.

A.female and male drivers' popular tastes of music

B.how did the study carry out

C.why fast beat music is harmful to drivers

D.some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy

单项选择题