问题 问答题 计算题

我国历年的GDP和最终消费资料如下所示。

资料来源:《中国统计年鉴》,中国统计出版社,2001年版。

试根据上表的资料利用Excel软件完成以下问题。

假设2001年的国内生产总值为95350亿元,试利用拟合的消费函数预测当年的消费总额,并给出置信度为95%的预测区间。

答案

参考答案:

预测

使用EXCEL进行区间估计步骤如下:

步骤一:构造工作表

其中,C2:E23存放的是自变量矩阵X,C25:E25存放的是矩阵Xf,G3:G5存放的是回归系数估计值矩阵,将这三个区域分别命名为X,Xf,B。G6存放的是估计标准误差。以上均为原始输入数据。G8:G13存放的则是一些中间变量及最终计算结果。

步骤二:单元格区域的命名

先定义矩阵X。选定C2:E23,在“公式”选项卡,单击“定义名称”,在弹出对话框的“名称”框中输入“X”,再单击“确定”即可。参见下图。同样,对矩阵Xf和B进行命名。

步骤三:计算点预测值Cf

在H8中输入公式“=MMULT(Xf,B)”,按回车键即可。

步骤四:计算预测估计误差的估计值Sef

先计算,在H9中输入如下公式:

=MMULT(MMULT(Xf,MINVERSE(MMULT(TRANSPOSE(X),X))),TRANSPOSE(XF))

然后按Ctrl+Shift+Enter组合键即可,表示输入的是数组公式。

再计算Sef,在H10中输入公式“=H6*SQRT(1+H9)”。

步骤五:计算t临界值

在H11中输入公式“=T.INV.2T(1-0.95,22-3)”,按回车键即可。

步骤六:计算置信区间上下限

在H12、H13中分别输入公式“=H8-H11*H10”和“=H8+H11*H10”。结果为:

最终得出Cf的区间预测结果:56375.37≤Cf≤58658.07

多项选择题
单项选择题

Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed (1) , it constitutes an analysis of the (2) underlying inflation and deflation. As (3) by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish (4) David Hume in the 18th century, and (5) , it was a weapon (6) the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the (7) of money by a nation merely raised (8) , argued the quantity theorists, then a "favourable" balance of trade, (9) desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease (10) . In the 19th century the quantity theory (11) to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the (12) of business cycles and in the theory of foreign (13) rates.

The (14) theory came under attack during the 1930s, (15) monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.

The tide of opinion (16) again in the 1960s, when experience (17) post-World WarⅡ inflation and new empirical (18) of money and prices— (19) A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz—restored much of the quantity theory’ s lost prestige. One implication of this theory is that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies (20) to control prices and maintain full employment.

12()

A.analysis

B.thought

C.preservation

D.existence