问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下题。

在美国的许多城市,人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气,这种追求几乎达到了宗教般的狂热。为此,一些减少空气污染的新技术应运而生,可是谁也不曾想到,人们却不断为此付出巨大的代价。

1990年,美国的《洁静空气法规》强制空气质量差的地区在汽油中添加充氧剂等化学制品。从而减少了一氧化碳和苯等有害气体的排放量。但是现在发现,大多数常用的充氧刺如甲基叔丁基乙醚已从地下贮油箱中渗入地下水,并已污染了地下水饮水源,使这一地区可能在几年内成为美国最严重的地下水污染医。科学家认为.水中 即使有十亿分之几十的甲基叔丁基乙醚。也会对人的健康有严重影响,甚至可能会致癌。一些曾坚决反对运用这项技术的团体还认为,加油站的空气中这种充氧剂含量过高,会使人呼吸困难、头痛和眩晕,不仅加油站的人。就连路上的行人都会受到影响.

麻烦的事远不止这些。科学家们证实这种化学物具有很强的水溶性,对土壤几乎没有亲合力。同时它又是很难分解的寿命很长的物质。虽说甲基叔丁基乙醚见光分解,但阳光很难进入土壤和地下水中。因此.它一旦进入地下水中,人们就很难将它“请”出来。而它渗入到更深水层的可能性则是不可避免的了。美国政府有关部门也采取了一些措施,如关闭受污染的水井,断绝受污染的水源。设法从受污染区外部调水,当然,解决这些问题所需资金数量是巨大的。还有一个办法是通过改进贮油葙来减少舍有有害物质的汽油的泄露。但这仍不能解决已经发生的水源污染同题。

目前,美国的科学家们正在制定一个从水源中清除这种有害物质的计划,他们试图把从土壤中分离出来的被称作pml的细菌注入受污染的地下水中。据说,pml可以在较短的时间内吸收大剂量的甲基叔丁基乙醚。科学家们同时坦率地说,这项在受污染的土壤和水的试样已经获得成功的试验,在清洁地下的具体应用中,还没有让人信服的实例。看来,这种“按下葫芦起来瓢”的情况,在环境保护问题上是值得注意的。

小题1:对人体健康有严重影响的甲基叔丁基乙醚的泄露会造成地下水溺污染·其根本原

因是    (    )

A.进入地下水.就很难“请”出来。

B.即使很少的含量,也会有窨人体。

C.在没有阳光的条件下.很难分解。

D.水溶性强.不亲合土壤·难分解。小题2:对。麻烦的事远不止这些”这句话所包含的内容理解正确的一项是    (    )

A.“这些”指甲基叔丁基乙醚污染地下饮水源和对局部地区空气的影响。

B.“这些”指曾反对运用这项技术的人所认为的该物质对环境的污染。

C.“麻烦的事”指由于甲基叔丁基乙醚有毒性而对环境造成严重污染.

D.“麻烦的事”指甲基叔丁基乙醚污染深水层的地下水资源的必然性。小题3:不属于“巨大的代价”所指的内容是    (  )

A.已经对地下饮水源造成严重污染。

B.使人们希望呼吸清洁空气的追求落空。

C.为解决水污染耗费大量人力资金。

D.水污染问题从根本上解决目前还很难。小题4:不符合本文内容的一项是。    (  )

A.减少空气污染的新技术主要是在汽油中添加充氧剂,以减少有害气体的排放

量。

B新技术所造成的水污染是严重的,而目前解决这个问题仍只能采取被动的方

法。

C.pmi细菌吸收甲基叔丁基乙醚的试验成功。意味着问题的解决指日可待。

D.文末所说的“按下葫芦起来瓢”是说在环境保护问题上顾此失彼的现象。

答案

小题:选D。

小题:选A。

小题:选B。

小题:选C。

小题:选D。文章中说:“这种化学物具有很强的水溶性.对土壤几乎没有亲合力,同时它又是很难分解的寿命很长的物质”这些特性使甲基叔丁基乙醚可以顺着地下水流动,从而污染地下饮水源,这正是题干中所说的“造成地下饮水源污染的根本原因”。C项强调的仅仅是“根本原因”的一部分。A项则强调了以甲基叔丁基乙醚污染地下水进行治理的困难。B项谈该物质对人体有害.与题目要求无关。

小题:选A。这句话有承上启下的作用。B项内容不全面.从上文看,“麻烦的事”应该包括第二段讲的对地下水和局部地区空气的污染.以及第三段所讲的由于该物质的特性而造成的治理上的困难。C项不全面。D项的“必然性”一词只是讲该物质会污染地下水资源,并没有表达出“麻烦的事”的全部意思。

小题:选B。“巨大的代价”主要是针对地下水污染而言的,并不包括对空气的污染,与.第一段所讲”人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气”的追求无关.故该项不正确。

小题:选C。本项所说“意味着问题的解决指日可待”与原文内容不一致。原文说。在清洁地下水的应用中,还没有让人信服的实例”.“指日可待”不当。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Jeanne Calment, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days , she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.

Jeanne Calment lives in a small old people’s home in the south of France; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. She is nearly blind and deaf and she is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old in good health than someone of 120. She still has a lively sense of humor. When asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: A very short one. She also remarked that she thought the good Lord had forgotten all about her.

So what is the key to a long life According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Calment has followed two of the tips. She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of p red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.

A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Calment sends him a card saying: Sorry, I’m still alive !

Why does Jeanne Calment say "Sorry, I’m still alive" to the local lawyer every year on her birthday()

A. Because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage.

B. Because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed.

C. Because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.

D. Because the house she sold to the lawyer isn’t worth the money he has already paid.