问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:(14分)

材料1:泰西各国皆设议院,……民以为不便者不必行,民不可者不必强。……制治固有本也。……而四海之在,万民之众,同甘共苦,先忧后乐,若理一人,上下一心,君民一体,尚何敌国外患之敢相凌辱哉。

——郑观应《盛世危言·议院》

材料2:窃闻东西各国之强,皆以立宪法开国会之故。……立行宪法,大开国会,以庶政与国民共之,行三权鼎立之制,则中国之治强,计日可待也。

——康有为《请定立宪开国会折》

材料3:一曰大誓群臣以革旧维新,而采天下之舆论,取万国之良法;二曰开制度局于宫中。征天下通才二十人为参与,将一切政事制度重新商定;三曰设待诏所,许天下人上书。

——康有为《应诏统筹全局折》

请回答:

(1)材料1和材料2主张有何异同?分析产生差异的根本原因。(8分)

(2)材料3的观点同材料2相比有何变化?为什么会产生这一变化?(6分)

答案

(1)同:设议院,行君民共体;异:后者还主张开国会,行三权鼎立之制。(4分)

根本原因:民族资本主义经济有了初步发展,资产阶级力量壮大,实行政治改革,改善环境,为资本主义发展开辟道路的愿望更加强烈;西方资产阶级民主学说进一步传播。(4分)

(2)变化:不再提兴民权、设议院、开国会,主张以君权变法。(3分)

原因:民族资本主义经济力量弱小,民族资产阶级具有软弱性,不敢与封建势力彻底决裂;康有为主张依靠没有实权的皇帝进行变革。(3分)

题目分析:(1)根据材料一和二的内容直接归纳二者观点的异同,联系早期维新派和维新派登上历史政治舞台的时代背景即可找出答案;(2)对比材料三和材料二的文字内容可以明显看出材料二的主张较材料三激进,具体表现在不再提兴民权、设议院、开国会,主张以君权变法。结合康有为在变法主张采纳前后的背景可以找出其变化的原因,即民族资本主义经济力量弱小,民族资产阶级具有软弱性,不敢与封建势力彻底决裂;康有为主张依靠没有实权的皇帝进行变革。

点评:维新变法运动一直是高考中的常频考点和重难点,对其的考查角度较多,形式多样。就考查角度而言大体从以下几个方面进行:①戊戌变法运动的时代背景②中日甲午战争与戊戌变法运动的关系③戊戌变法运动的具体内容④戊戌变法运动的性质和方式⑤戊戌变法运动的影响⑥戊戌变法运动失败的原因⑦戊戌变法运动的局限性。就本题而言,考查了维新变法运动的开展方式,这与文艺复兴时期的手法如出一辙。

单项选择题
阅读理解

A little stream flowed down from a high mountain far, far away through many villages and forests, until it reached a desert. The stream then thought, “I’ve been through countless obstacles. I should have no problem crossing this desert!” But when she decided to start her journey, she found herself gradually disappearing into the mud and sand. After numerous tries, she found it was all in vain and was very upset. “Maybe it’s my destiny(命运) ! I’m not destined to reach the vast ocean in the legend, ” she murmured sadly to herself.

At this time, a deep voice came, saying, “If a breeze can cross the desert, so can a river.”

It was the voice of the desert. Unconvinced, the little stream replied, “That’s because a breeze can fly, but I can’t.”

“That’s because you stick to what you are. If you’re willing to give it up, and let yourself evaporate (蒸发) into the breeze, it can take you across, and you can reach your destination,” said the desert in its deep voice.

The little stream had never heard of such a thing. “Give up what I am now and disappear into the breeze? No! No!” She could not accept this idea. After all, she had never experienced anything like it before. Wouldn’t it be self-destruction to give up what she was now?

“How do I know if this is true?” asked the little stream.

“The breeze can carry the vapor across the desert and release it as rain at an appropriate site. The rain will form a river again to continue its course,” answered the desert very patiently.

“Will I still be what I am now?” asked the little stream.

“Yes, and no. Whether you’re a river or invisible vapor, your inner nature never changes. You stick to the fact that you’re a river because you don’t know your inner nature,” answered the desert.

Deep down, the stream vaguely remembered that before she became a river, it was perhaps also the breeze that carried her halfway up a high mountain, where she turned into rain and fell onto the ground and became what she was now. Finally the little stream gathered her courage and rushed into the open arms of the breeze, which carried her to the next stage of her life.

Perhaps you can try asking yourself these questions: What is my inner nature? What is it that I cling (紧抓) to? And what is it that I really want?

小题1:When reaching the desert at first, the little stream was ________ to cross it.

A.upset

B.confident

C.pessimistic

D.hesitant小题2:The desert suggests that the stream ________ in order to cross the desert.

A.change its form

B.disappear into the desert

C.stick to what it is

D.turn to another stream for help小题3:Finally the stream successfully crossed the desert with the help of ________.

A.the rain

B.the desert

C.the breeze

D.the mountain小题4:In the text the writer compares the stream to ________.

A.the Truth

B.the courage

C.the course of life

D.the obstacles in life