问题 问答题 论述题

谈谈促进精制与组织的四种基本做法。

答案

参考答案:

促进命题网络的激活扩散,从而使陈述知识的学习过程更有效,有两项基本的手段,即精制与组织。它们都有自发运作的倾向。

⑴意象指导。教学过程要促使学生形成意象,意象能够促进回忆。由于意拟题不是从文章里直接抄来的,因此答题时没有现成的语词做线索,需要依靠对意思的理解,这就表明意象能帮助学生形成更有意义的内部表征。当然,意象指导未必适合于所有的学习材料和所有的学生,但是由于这种做法简便易行,因此不妨从它试起来。

⑵类比指导。意象指导比较适用于相当熟悉或具体形象的材料对于不熟悉的或抽象的材料,类比是管用的。

⑶精制指导。改由学生自己来提供类比。由于每个学生都是拿自己熟悉的东西来作类比,这就不会发生因采用不熟悉的类比而导致不管用的问题。

⑷促进组织。在组织方面提供指导的基本做法是先提供提纲,再阅读或聆听文本。在这里,提纲起着鼓励学生去组织他们的记忆的作用。

选择题
阅读理解

China's first moon rover (月球车), Yutu, set off from the lander(登陆车) early on December 15, several hours after the Chang'e-3 probe (探测器) soft-landed on the moon surface.

The 140 kg six-wheeled rover touched the moon surface at 4:35 a.m., leaving deep lines on the loose moon land. This was recorded by the camera on the lander and the images were sent to the earth, according to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center. After that, the rover and lander will take photos of each other and start their own science explorations.

Earlier this morning, engineers made final checks of the environment of the landing area and the situation of the probe(探测仪). Yutu, reached its solar panel (光板) and started to drive slowly to the moon at 3:10 a.m.. It took Yutu nearly a whole hour to complete the simple task.

Chang'e-3 landed at the Bay of Rainbows on the moon, at 9:11 p.m. on December 14, making China the third country in the world to carry out such a mission (执行此类任务) after the United States and Russia.

In old Chinese tales, Yutu was the white pet rabbit of Chang'e’s. The name for the rover was selected following an online survey that collected several million votes from people around the world.

The rover, 1.5 meters long with its two wings folded (折叠), 1 m in width and 1.1 m in height, is a perfect robot controlled by the command center from the earth. It will face challenges including temperature differences of more than 300℃ on the moon.

Yutu will do some research and look for natural resources (资源) for three months, while the lander will conduct an exploration at the landing place for one year. Then they will have a good rest on the moon and will not be used for a long time until China’s next probe visits the moon again.

小题1:Which is the best title for the passage above?

A.The American’sfirst rover on the moon

B.The tale of Chang’e

C.The journey to the moon

D.Yutu explores the moon小题2:Which is the correct order of the following events?

a. The 140 kg six-wheeled rover touched the moon surface.

b. The rover and lander will take photos of each other.

c. Yutu started to drive slowly to the moon.

d. Chang'e-3 landed at the Bay of Rainbows on the moon.

A.a-b-c-d

B.c-d-a-b

C.d-c-a-b

D.c-a-b-d小题3:What does the underlined word “width” mean in Chinese?

A.智力

B.宽度

C.重量

D.长度小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.The moon had been visited by only two countries before 2013.

B.Yutu is a perfect robot under the control of its own computer.

C.Yutu and Chang’e will return to the earth after the one-year mission.

D.Chang’e-3 is 140 kg in weight.小题5:There will soon be a second moon rover to explore the moon. Which is its proper name?

A.Chang’e-5

B.Yutu-2

C.Shenzhou-11

D.Tiangong-2