问题 阅读理解与欣赏

本大题共4小题,共22分。阅读下面的作品,完成问题。

城市的气味       

苏北

有昆虫的气味,有植物的气味。有朋友说,人是靠气味来识别的。那么,我们的眼睛是干什么的?我想,人是靠气味来识别的,可能主要还是指在恋人之间,在亲人之间,在朋友之间。

要说世界是由气味组成的,也不为过。比如我生活的这座城市,我对她的气味就相当熟悉。这里的夏天,主要是香樟的气味。骑车上街转一圈,在那些小马路上,在遍植香樟的人行道上,那些气味就深入到人的内心。那些香樟树,枝叶密密织织,样子清秀圆润,有女子气。或许还是书香门第的女子,特别适宜于这样一个小而温润的城市。

“城市”这一称谓,有其相当开阔的地域范围。因此,说一个城市只有一种气味是不准确的。比如在早晨的大蜀山,人一踏进那个林子,那情不自禁的第一口呼吸,几乎就是吞咽。那种忘情的呼吸中的踏实和快乐,是无以言说的。在半山道上,人就慢慢体味到植物的气息。那种多植物混合的气息中,也许还有一夜小雨后的、松软的泥土的气息。这种泥土的气息不同于其他——它混合着无数生命的气息,带着小草的、野雏菊的、昆虫的,甚至是小兽物的粪便的气息。大自然是敏感而羞涩的,人的态度亲切,它们就不发紧,人就能在平等中感觉到它们的呼吸、它们的劳作、它们的生息和繁衍。比如那经了一夜小雨的土地,那杂杂的不知名的青草,还湿湿地带着些潮气;那开着蝴蝶般白色小花的野菊,高高兴兴地在晨风中摇着,像一个个头上扎着小花的天使,集体在跳一支小天鹅舞。至于草丛中,可是乾坤大了:一只像蓑衣虫一样的黑褐色的虫子,有这么一拃长,身上有几十节,它先是不动,之后像列车到点了,身下几百只细细的触须,一起划动起来,像列车的无数个车轮,滚滚地向前,一点也不别扭地拐弯、减速,在密密的林中(其实是草丛)穿梭。它那一颗小小的脑袋,有极严密的结构,比一列D字头的火车还要精致。在这列火车面前,那些蚂蚁就像一个个的乘客,穿着深色西服,忙忙碌碌,为生计神色匆忙地奔波着。我痴想:如若把这些小蚂蚁装在这只列车的肚子里,把一颗一颗的褐色小脑袋探出窗外,就是人类的一幅微缩景观;而那些在头顶上飞舞的,只有芝麻粒大小的昆虫,就俨然是在空中飞行的飞机了。这一个小小的世界,在这样一个早晨,成了这个城市中另一种气息的源头。

董铺岛的气息又不同了。那里更多的是水的气息,还有鸟的气息。对鸟的气息的感受,多来源于鸟的粪便。那种白色的粪便,有点鱼的腥味,还有点青草味。水,鸟,真的是这一城市另一种气息。

一个城市的气味其实是多元的。从宁国路上过,大龙虾的气味扑鼻而来,我会油然生出一种生之趣味。那种口福的气味,惹得味蕾像一个个活泼的小人儿,一下子全醒了,叽叽喳喳,你问我我问你,怎么啦?怎么啦?有时,黄昏走进一条不知名的小巷,一阵油炸臭干子的气味忽然就飘了过来,这时由不得心生欢喜:不知哪家又买了一碗,回家下酒去了……

还有深夜,路边的昏暗的灯光,热气蒸盈中是一副馄饨挑子的气味,“馄饨嘞——,来一碗热热的馄饨——”清脆的叫卖,伴随渐远的跫跫足音,弥布着温暖的气息。

是的。一个城市的气息,其实是一个城市的精气神。一个人喜欢另一个人的气息,想必是爱上了这一个人;一个人喜欢一个城市的气息,也一定是深爱着这座城市。

( 取材于2007年8月6日《文汇报》)

小题1:下列对文章的理解和分析,不正确的两项是【     】【    】(4分)

A.在作者看来,如果气味会在恋人、亲人、朋友之间识别,那么自己所居住城市的气味就像恋人、亲人、朋友一样可亲。

B.文章刻画香樟树枝叶样子清秀圆润,并说其有女子气,或许还是书香门第的女子,写出了香樟树枝叶妩媚艳丽的特点。

C.文中说,人一踏进大蜀山那一片林子,第一口呼吸几乎就是吞咽,“吞咽”一语道破了大蜀山的青翠的强烈视觉冲击。

D.文章写“与大自然说话”,听它们的呼吸、劳作、生息和繁衍,写出了城市的气味中富于生命情态的勃勃生机和气息。E.文章从气味入手写自己所居的城市,在对其气味的捕捉、气息的体味以及精气神的把握这样一种文字推进中,呈现出一种渐浓渐深的爱意。

小题2:理解下面的句子在文中的含义。(4分)

那种口福的气味,惹得味蕾像一个个活泼的小人儿,一下子全醒了,叽叽喳喳,你问我我问你,怎么啦?怎么啦?

小题3:文章从哪些方面写了城市的气味?依据作者思路,请作简要概括。(4分)

小题4:文中说:“一个城市的气息,其实是一个城市的精气神。”请从“气味”的角度,描述你所居住城市的气息,表现其所具有的精气神。要求不少于200字。(10分)

答案

小题1:BC

小题2:①用拟人夸张地写出了味蕾在大龙虾气味刺激下生动而又富于趣味的反应;②充分表现了城市中这样一类气味所具有的强烈的生活气息与感染力。

小题3:①城市街道香樟树的气味;②城市里来自大自然的气味;③城市里日常生活的气味。

小题4:不需就精气神作是非性质的强调或评价,言之成理、言之有物、言之有序即可。

小题1:B项中,“妩媚艳丽”的概括有误,应是端庄典雅、温润大方一类。C项中,“吞咽”不是“大蜀山的青翠所具有的”视觉效果,而是空气的清新所给人的味觉效果。

小题2:答出1个要点,2分。意思对即可。

小题3:答出1个要点,1分;答出2个要点,3分;答出3个要点,4分

小题4:气味角度,2分;表达方式,2分;气息及精气神阐释,4分;语言简明连贯得体,2分

单项选择题

Is test anxiety destructive Can we make test anxiety work for us The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.
In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.
You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape.
Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development.
Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test.
When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping text pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the questions that are coming.
As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question.
You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test.
For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i. e. , television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress.
The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand.
I’d wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.

The author’s attitude toward reducing the test anxiety is ______.

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.pessimistic

单项选择题