问题 问答题 论述题

某幼儿园教师,日常工作不踏实,拈轻怕重,不服从领导安排,同事关系紧张,因而园长平时对她批评较多。有次,园长偶尔发现她儿童诗写得不错,于是在员工大会上表扬了该教师的才华,将这几首诗选编到该园课程内容中,并请该教师负责幼儿园园歌歌词的撰写。该教师工作积极性比以前大为提高,不仅认真完成任务,还主动请教其他教师。

运用领导艺术理论,分析上述案例中园长的管理工作。

答案

参考答案:

所谓园长领导艺术,是指园长在一定学识、智慧、能力、经验和气质等因素的基础上,为实现幼儿园目标,面对各种领导条件、方式和方法,灵活、恰当、创造性地运用的领导策略、技巧和风格。它是领导者的素质和领导水平的综合表现。一般主要有:运用权力的艺术、协调人际关系的艺术、运用时间的艺术、运用信息的艺术等。

案例中的幼儿园园长运用了权力的艺术。

(1)运用权力要做到合法、合理、合情。

要想使权力发挥出真正的作用,园长在行使权力时,必须做到有法可依,照章办事,要注意职权相符,不能随便超越自己的职权;运用权力时要讲道理,坚持以理服人,切忌蛮横无理,以权压人;使用权力时要重视感情因素,以情动人。

(2)注意行使权力的群众性。

领导者的责任要通过权力的运用,最大限度地把群众的积极性调动起来,产生工作效益。园领导者在运用权力时.尤其是运用强制性权力要慎重。要想使教职工积极工作,不能简单地依靠强制性权力。

(3)发挥个人影响力的积极作用。

所谓个人影响力,是指在同领导者的品质、知识、才能的基础上形成的一种使人敬佩和信服的、能改变下属人员行为的力量,主要指领导者的非权力影响力,它与园长的领导权是相辅相成的,是提高园所领导成效的重要因素。

(4)有效的授权。

所谓授权,就是领导者把所属权力按照规定和工作需要授予下级,从而给下级提供完成任务所必需的权限。

该幼儿园教师工作不认真,园长对其进行批评,是合法合理运用权力的表现。

针对该教师儿童诗写的不错的事情,园长对其进行了表扬,也是权力艺术的合理利用。

请该教师负责幼儿园园歌歌词的撰写,是有效的授权,激发了教师责任感和进取心。

该园长并没有简单地依靠强制性权力,巧妙运用领导艺术,使员工工作态度发生改变,提高了管理成效。

单项选择题

El Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earth’s heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysterious climate system that periodically rages across the Pacific.

El Nino means "the little boy" or "the Christ child" in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current is felt along coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. But the local warming is just part of an intricate set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earth’s circumference. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world.

Droughts in Africa and Australia, tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and lush greening of Peruvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of EI Nino. Until recently it has been returning about every three to five years. But recently it has become more frequent--for the first time on record it has returned for a fourth consecutive year--and at the same time a giant pool of unusually warm water has settled down in the middle of the Pacific and is showing no signs of moving.

Climatologists don’t yet know why, though some are saying these aberrations may signal a worldwide change in climate. The problem is that nobody really seems sure what causes the El Nin o to start up, and what makes some per than others. And this makes it particularly hard to explain why it has suddenly started behaving so differently.

In the absence of EI Nino and its cold counterpart, La Nina, conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific are the opposite of those in the west. the east is cool and dry, while the west is hot and wet. In the east, it’s the winds and currents that keep things cool. It works like this. Strong, steady winds, called trade winds, blowing west across the Pacific drag the surface water along with them. The varying influence of the Earth’s rotation at different latitudes, known as the Coriolis effect, causes these surface winds and water to veer towards the poles, north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere. The surface water is replaced by colder water from deeper in the ocean in a process known as upwelling.

The cold surface water in turn chills the air above it. This cold dense air cannot rise high enough for water vapor to condense into clouds. The dense air creates an area of high pressure so that the atmosphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific is essentially devoid of rainfall.

In exploring the effect of EI Nino, the author mainly focuses on()

A. its violence

B. its conditions

C. its regularity

D. its features

单项选择题