问题 问答题 案例分析题

某城市生活垃圾处理场位于海边,经过多年填埋,其表层为建筑垃圾,现需在垃圾处理场所在区域建设铁路车站。经勘察,该区域地层从上至下依次为:

(1)杂填土(建筑渣土)厚3m;

(2)垃圾夹海相淤泥层(软塑)厚3~8m;

(3)硬塑土厚8~24m;

(4)软风化花岗岩;地下水与海水有水力连通。该车站的地基处理原设计为CFG桩加固,桩位布置为2m×2m,桩径为****,桩长为15~17m。

事件一:为了尽快进行施工,施工单位进场后选择了两处垃圾夹海相淤泥层4m的地点采用长螺旋法进行了成桩工艺性试验,取得了相应工艺参数,由于****的原因,未进行桩的检测。全面开工后,施工单位由于设备原因将施工方法改为振动沉管法,并参照之前取得的试验参数进行CFG桩施工。

事件二:施工一段时间后,地面普遍隆起,拔管后发现缩径,成孔十分困难,已施工的桩身按规定进行钻芯取样,0~-3m范围内显示有成型混凝土芯样,*****下芯样中均出现大量的碎石夹淤泥和垃圾。

事件三:针对事件二的情况,施工单位又对长螺旋法施工的CFG桩进行了取样,发现存在的问题与振动沉管法施工所成CFG桩的问题一致。随后,施工单位提出了变更设计申请,经各方现场复核并批复后按变更后方案施工,顺利完成了地基处理工程。

针对事件一,指出施工单位在工艺性试验及施工方面的错误之处,说明正确做法。

答案

参考答案:

错误之处:

(1)未选择有代表性地段进行工艺试验,工艺试验参数未报监理确认。

(2)施工时改变施工方法,沿用原工艺试验参数。

(3)未进行桩基试验。

正确做法:选择有代表性地段进行工艺试验;改变施工方法应重新确定工艺试验参数;进行28天抗压强度试验、单桩承载力和复合地基承载力试验。

阅读理解

C

At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse. Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I. Recently about 2,000,000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages large enough to threaten(="say" that you will hurt somebody if they don’t do what you want) the quality of care provided. The demand for nurses spreads widely throughout the nursing field.

What has become of these women in white? The answer lies in not one but several causes. One possibility is the fact that women have greater career options(职业选择). In the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices: nursing or teaching. Today, more women than ever are in the work force, but their choices have greatly increased. There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. Nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status(地位). A woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as “just a nurse”. Teachers may be also at fault. Many high school students are actually being steered(劝导) away from nursing, told by teachers that they are “too bright to be a nurse”.

Americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. Obviously a larger population requires more nurses. AIDS and other diseases have caused more and more people to need nursing care. Usually fatal diseases mean long hospital stay, that is to say, more nurses are needed to care for these patients. It is estimated that the demand for nurses will be doubled the supply in the coming ten years.

63. Why is America facing its worst nurse shortage?

A. Because American health conditions are becoming worse and worse.

B. Because more and more women prefer to be teachers and doctors.

C. Because women have been provided with many different jobs.

D. Because women no longer choose to be nurses.

64. The passage tells us that high school teachers are at fault for ___________.

A. not mentioning the worst nurse shortage in the US

B. introducing jobs with higher pay and greater status to their students

C. not asking the government to raise the nurses’ payment

D. persuading the students not to be nurses

65. The author wrote this passage in order to __________.

A. describe the unequal treatment of women in the US

B. warn people to pay more attention to the nursing problem

C. tell us women’s free choice of jobs today

D. call on women not to be nurses

66. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. High school students think themselves too bright to be nurses.

B. Women in the US have greater career choice than those in other countries.

C. Of all the hospitals in the world 60 percent more nurses are badly needed.

D. Nursing used to be a popular job among women.

单项选择题