问题 问答题 简答题

简述各种货币发行准备制度的优劣。

答案

参考答案:

1)现金准备发行制

货币的发行百分之百以黄金和外汇等现金做准备。

这种制度的优点是能够防止货币发行过量,但缺点是缺乏弹性。

2)证券准备发行制

货币发行以短期商业票据、短期国库券、政府公债做准备。

这种制度的优点是给与中央银行较大的利用货币发行调节宏观经济的余地。缺点是货币发行的调控需要发达的金融市场和较高的控制技术。

3)弹性比例制

货币发行数量超过规定的现金准备比率时,国家对超过部分的发行征收超额发行税。

这种发行制度兼顾了信用保证原则和弹性原则。

但是,对货币过度发行的效果如何,取决于超额发行税的制约作用和中央银行的独立性。

4)证券准备限额发行制

在规定的发行限额内,可全部用规定证券作发行准备,超过限额的发行必须以十足的现金作为发行准备。

5)比例准备制

规定货币发行准备中:现金准备与证券各占一定比重。

优点:兼具弹性和控制性。

缺点:难以科学确定比例。

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阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
In today’s world, pollution has become a serious problem.  51.  we know, air pollution is harmful to our health. However, not all people know that noise    52  also a kind of pollution and is harmful to human health.
People who work and live in noisy conditions may become   53  . For example,  many of the workers who   54. newspapers and books become deaf. Quite a few people living near   55 also have hearing lose. Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America  56 hear better than the old do, because these young people always listen to  57 pop music.  Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution, it not only  58  others but also does great harm to hearing. Cars and machines also produce 59 noise. It makes people feel uncomfortable and unpleasant.  60  , it can cause them to be sick or deaf.Nowadays many countries are trying to solve all sorts of environmental problems, including noise pollution.
小题1:
A.SoB.WhileC.AsD.And
小题2:
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
小题3:
A.excitedB.deadC.thinD.deaf
小题4:
A.makeB.printC.catchD.take
小题5:
A.factoriesB.airportsC.schoolsD.gyms
小题6:
A.canB.mayC.can’tD.mustn’t
小题7:
A.slowB.lightC.fastD.loud
小题8:
A.helpsB.disturbsC.causesD.makes
小题9:
A.much tooB.lots ofC.a littleD.too many
小题10:
A.By the wayB.we knowC.For exampleD.What’s more
单项选择题