问题 问答题 论述题

简述新型课程管理的建构。

答案

参考答案:

(1)课堂管理目标的确定,任何有效的课堂管理都是从明确目标开始的。

(2)课堂管理的环境建设,课堂管理的环境建设包括有形的物质环境建设和无形的心理环境建设两个方面。

(3)课堂管理手段的运用――沟通:沟通是信息的交换。良好的师生沟通是课堂管理产生效能的关键。教师要充分利用好沟通这一管理手段,采用简单、有效的图像、符号等作为载体,使沟通贯穿于整个管理过程当中;公平地对待每个学生,保持一种真诚、信任的态度与学生进行沟通;此外,教师还要主动积极地创造利于沟通的良好气氛,并对学生的沟通行为做出及时的反馈。

(4)课堂管理有效进展的保证――激励:激励的方式有利用物质剌激作为鼓励手段的物质激励;有利用精神因素作为鼓励手段的精神激励;也有利用人际间的情感联系作为鼓励手段的情感激励。教师要善于综合利用这三种激励方式,使其产生有效的效果。

填空题

Part 1


·Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.
Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the Moon, is a long-time fan of space tourism. Aldrin climbed out of Apollo11 hot on the heels of Neil Armp in 1969. (1)
Together with scientists from Purdue University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Texas, Aldrin is designing spacecrafts that would perpetually cruise between Earth and Mars. (2) "Some day, people will go to Mars on a regular basis," says team member James Longuski, a professor at Purdue. (3)
The average distance between Mars and Earth is 48 million miles. (4)
It sounds like a trip that would require a lot of fuel. According to the engineers, the cyclers may have a natural, renewable "fuel" supply: from the gravitational forces of the Sun, the planets, and their moons.
As a spacecraft travels close to a planet, its flight path is bent, causing it to whip around the planet and significantly increasing its speed (it’s as if the planet’s gravity gives the passing spacecraft a kick into space). (5) It’s not just science fiction: it might help us get Mars with very little fuel on board, in a journey that would take as little as six to eight months.
"The cycler is essentially in orbit around the Sun and makes regular flybys of Earth and Mars," says James Longuski. "Once you put your vehicle into a cycler orbit, it continues on its own momentum, going back and forth between Earth and Mars. (6)
When the cycler flies by Earth, it will be traveling at a speed of about 13,000 miles per hour.
(7) This is sort of like a bus that doesn’t stop," Longuski says. "When it comes by, you have to run alongside of it and grab on."
AIdrin and his group think that the first cycler could be on its way by as soon as 2018. (8) (It seems a long way off now, but it’s closer than you think!)
Fasten your seatbelts and make sure your seatback is in its upright position. Your flight to space may be departing soon.
  • A. These crafts, known as "cyclers", would ferry people and supplies between the two planets, enabling humans to colonize Mars — something that has long been dreamed about in science fiction.
  • B. Most people are convinced that we are going to do this; the only question is when.
  • C. So, if you’re in middle school now, you could be taking a trip to Mars by the time you’re in your thirties.
  • D. To get a sense of just how far this is, try doing this calculation: Given that there are 2,500 miles between New York and Los Angeles, how many times would you have to travel from NY to LA and back to cover the same distance’
  • E. Now, at the age of 72, Aldrin is working on a new project that could put more of his fellow humans in space — namely, on journeys to one of our most fascinating neighbors, Mars.
  • F. This is the "slingshot" trajectory that you may have seen in movies.
  • G. Space taxis will be needed to bring people from the surface of the planet to intercept the cycler.
  • H. You may need to carry some propellant for an occasional boost, but it’s pretty much a free trip after that.

判断题