问题 问答题 简答题

国际避税地有哪几种类型?

答案

参考答案:

1)不征收任何所得税的国家和地区。其中有的国家和地区不仅不征收所得税,而且也不征收任何财产税。这类避税地通常被人们称为“纯避税地”或“典型的避税地”。目前,这类纯避税地主要包括巴哈马、百慕大群岛、开曼群岛、瑙鲁、瓦努阿图、特克斯和凯科斯群岛、汤加等。

2)征收所得税但税率较低的国家和地区。这类避税地包括瑞士、爱尔兰、列支敦士登、海峡群岛、英属维尔京群岛、所罗门群岛等。

3)所得税课征仅实行地域管辖权的国家和地区。这类国家和地区虽然课征所得税(一般税率也较低),但对纳税人的境外所得不征税,从而在一定条件下也能为跨国公司的国际避税提供方便。许多拉美国家过去属于这类避税地,如巴拿马、利比里亚、哥斯达黎加等。中国香港也属于这类避税地。

4)对国内一般公司征收正常的所得税,但对某些种类的特定公司提供特殊的税收优惠的国家和地区。这类避税地包括卢森堡、荷属安第列斯、塞浦路斯等,也包括上面第二类避税地中的瑞士、列文敦士登等。

5)与其他国家签订有大量税收协定的国家。根据国际税收协定,缔约国双方要分别向对方国家的居民提供一定的税收优惠,主要是预提所得税方面的税收优惠。而一个国家如果有广泛的国际税收协定,就可能为一个第三国居民滥用税收协定避税创造便利条件。而在国际税收的实践中,以滥用国际税收协定的方式进行国际避税的现象十分普遍,所以许多人主张这类拥有大量国际税收协定的国家也应列为避税地。例如荷兰就属于这种国家。

完形填空
完形填空
      Do you have the ability to live cheaply? Now here's a true story of an American girl, Sarah.    1   Sarah left university, she began to live in New York City on her own. She   2    a job in a publishing house, but
the salary(薪水)was _ 3   . $ 30,000 a year. Her parents thought her life would be hard, but Sarah   4  
live on her salary and still saved $5, 000 in a year. How was that __5   in one of the most expensive cities
in the world?
      Cheap living   6   starts with keeping the big cost small. For most people, that   7 _ housing. So Sarah chose to share a flat with three other friends. Her next biggest cost was _8  . When she ate out, she went
to cheap restaurants.    9  . she bought a $9.99 whole chicken at a local restaurant. She then   10_ the
chicken bones(骨头) home and made soup out of them. Nowadays young people often 11   a lot of
money on entertainment(娱乐). But Sarah said, "I enjoy walking 12   in New York City. I love going
to museums and parks." Did Sarah feel poor _13   cheap living? Not really.  She even managed to take
two trips, one to the Netherlands, 14   to Portland." Don't think of saving money as something   15_. It's a kind of game," said Sarah.
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( )11. A. pay        
( )12. A. along      
( )13. A. by        
( )14. A. another    
( )15. A. hard      
B. Because        
B. tried          
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B. may            
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B. becomes        
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B. took          
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B. up            
B. up            
B. the other      
B. interesting    
C. After          
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C. could  ,      
C. useful        
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C. Once          
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C. nice          
D. Unless        
D. looked for    
D. higher than  
D. might        
D. different    
D. always        
D. means        
D. playing      
D. Again        
D. picked        
D. save          
D. around        
D. between      
D. the others    
D. great        
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