问题 选择题

为提高信息在传输中的抗干扰能力,通常在原信息中按一定规则加入相关数据组成传输信息.设定原信息为a0a1a2,ai∈{0,1}(i=0,1,2),传输信息为h0a0a1a2h1,其中h0=a0⊕a1,h1=h0⊕a2,⊕运算规则为:0⊕0=0,0⊕1=1,1⊕0=1,1⊕1=0,例如原信息为111,则传输信息为01111.传输信息在传输过程中受到干扰可能导致接收信息出错,则下列接收信息一定有误的是(  )

A.11010

B.01100

C.10111

D.00011

答案

A选项原信息为101,则h0=a0⊕a1=1⊕0=1,h1=h0⊕a2=1⊕1=0,所以传输信息为11010,A选项正确;

B选项原信息为110,则h0=a0⊕a1=1⊕1=0,h1=h0⊕a2=0⊕0=0,所以传输信息为01100,B选项正确;

C选项原信息为011,则h0=a0⊕a1=0⊕1=1,h1=h0⊕a2=1⊕1=0,所以传输信息为10110,C选项错误;

D选项原信息为001,则h0=a0⊕a1=0⊕0=0,h1=h0⊕a2=0⊕1=1,所以传输信息为00011,D选项正确;

故选C.

单项选择题


本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容,请根据题目要求,在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。
请开始答题:

阅读以下文字。完成1~4题。
①拿一幅字给小孩子或是未受过艺术教育的人看,他总是说“很好看”。如果追问他“它何以好看?”不外乎回答说:“我欢喜看它,看了它就觉得很愉快。”通常人所谓的“美”大半就是指“好看”,指“愉快”。
②许多文艺批评家也把美感和快感混为一件事。英国学者罗斯金就曾很坦白地说:“我从来没见过一座希腊女神雕像有一位血色鲜丽的英国姑娘的一半美。”从愉快的标准看,后者引诱力自然比前者大,但是你觉得一位姑娘“美”和觉得一座女神雕像“美”是否相同呢?二者的美显然是两件事。一个是只能引起快感的,一个是只能引起美感的。罗斯金的错误在于把姑娘的引诱当做“美”的标准,去测量艺术作品。艺术是另一世界的东西,对实际人生没有引诱力,所以他以为比不上英国姑娘。
③美感和快感究竟有什么分别?有些人见到快感不尽是美感,替它们勉强定一个分别来。英国有一派主张“享乐主义”的美学家就是如此。他们见到的分别彼此又不一致。有人说耳、目是高等感官,其余都是“低等感官”,只有前者可以尝到美感而后者则只能尝到快感。有人说引起美感的东西可以同时引起许多人的美感,引起快感的东西则对于这个人引起快感,对于那个人或许引不起快感。______。这些学说在历史上都产生过影响,如果分析起来,都是一钱不值的。耳、目得来的有些是美感,有些也只是快感,我们如何去分别?“客去茶香余舌本”“冰肌玉骨,自清凉无汗”等名句是否与“低等感官”不能得到美感之说相容?至于普遍不普遍的话更不足为凭。陈年花雕是吃酒的人大半都称赞它美的,一般人却不能欣赏后期印象派的图画。
④美感和快感总是很容易分别的。美感与实用活动无关,而快感则起于实际要求的满足。口渴时要喝水,喝了水就得到快感;腹饥时要吃饭,吃了饭也就得到快感。
⑤美感经验是直觉的而不是反省的。在聚精会神之中我们既忘却自我,自然不能觉得我是否欢喜所观赏的形象,或是反省这形象引起的是不是快感。对一件艺术作品欣赏的浓度愈大,就愈不觉得是在欣赏它,愈不觉得所生的感觉是愉快的。如果自己觉得有快感,便是由直觉变为反省,好比提灯寻影,灯到影灭。美感所伴的快感,在当时都不觉得,过后才回忆起来。比如读一首诗,当时只是心领神会,无暇他及,后来回想,才觉得这一番经验很愉快。
(摘自朱光潜《谈美》)

下列说法不符合原文意思的一项是:( )

A.罗斯金认为艺术是另一世界的东西,对实际人生没有诱惑力,因而不如生活更美

B.作者引用古人诗句是为了批驳主张“享乐主义”的美学家将感官分为“高”“低”两等的观点

C.作者认为某些在历史上曾经发生过影响的学说,并不真正具有价值

D.不少美学研究者走上迷途的重要原因之一是他们弄不清楚美感与快感的分别

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Compared with their continental counterparts,   children in the UK start school at a very early age.

Our correspondent is not convinced that it gives them any academic advantage.

     My threeyearold son and I went shopping for his school uniform. As he stood in the changing room,

   swamped by even the smallest trousers,   several people commented that he looked too young to start

school. I couldn't agree more. Scarcely will he have blown out the candles on his fourth birthday cake

when I'll be waving him off at the school gates. The poor little man still puts his pants on back to front and

thinks baby pigs come out of eggs. How is he going to cope with literacy and numeracy hours,   let alone

the horrors of school toilets?

     Yes,   I am an overanxious mother but I surely can't be the only person who feels that British children

start school far too young. A research suggests that channelling children into formal learning structures at

such a young age breeds a sense of failure and disaffection that will dog them throughout their school

career.

      The law states that the statutory school starting age for children in the UK is the term after a child's

fifth birthday,   but it is common practice in England and Wales to admit children to reception class at the

beginning of the year in which they become 5,   which means that most children start school at the age of

4. The latest government figures indicate that around 80 percent of children enter school before their fifth

birthday.

     By comparison,   children in France,   Portugal,   Belgium start school at 6,   while the school starting

age in many Scandinavian countries is 7. This is the starting age in Finland,   where students recently beat

those from 39 other countries to come out tops in maths,   science and reading.

1. When her son is going to enter primary school,   the writer feels very ________.

A. excited  

B. worried  

C. surprised  

D. puzzled

2. In the UK,   it is stated in the law that children should start school at the age of ________.

A. 4  

B. 5  

C. 6  

D. 7

3. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?

A. Do our children start school too young?

B. Students starting school too young may cause problems

C. Young students may lead to failure

D. The age of starting school in some countries

4. What worries the writer is that her child ________.

A. can't even look after himself

B. can't dress himself

C. has some childish thoughts

D. has little ability in writing and reading