问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一段文字,完成12-15题

讲史的时空观

①古代小说与讲史各有门庭。小说家既可说今,也可道古,如《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》;讲史家却只能演述古事,如《三国演义》《新编五代史平话》。

②时空观不同是历史与文学最主要的差异。即使运用了想像,历史形象和事实也都必须建立在时间空间的坐标上。这个时空,是一个公共的、自然的时空,是惟一的,不可改变亦不可替代。而文学中的形象和事实,则被安排在一个特殊的人造时空——作品中。这个时空独立自存,与作品以外时空无必然关联。其中的事件,可以自为因果、自为起始与结束。历史则必须追问“灰姑娘嫁给王子以后”。讲史中的时空,是历史性的。小说中的时空则属于文学性,是作者创构的私有时空。正所谓:“袖里乾坤大,壶中日月长。”可对公共的、自然的时空予以压缩、扩大;亦可自我构筑一个时空,让事件在其中发展。有时也会借用一段公共时空,作为小说的历史场景。但这些时空是借用的,其时其地与所叙之事并无逻辑的、必然的有机关系。

③历史对小说没有限制性,却是讲史的叙述基础。讲史所述古事不能违背公众客观的历史认知。社会中存在着一种基本的历史进程,为社会中人所共同认知。讲史必须为这个公共的、自然的时空服务,不能让张飞大战岳飞。

④讲史常只能讲一段时间中的历史,但历史并不因所讲史事结束而终止。中国的讲史对空间缺乏应有的关注,不曾考虑历史也可以用“共时性”的空间布列来说明,而是惯用以时间瓦解空间布列的方法来说明历史。具体体现在常运用“滚滚长江东逝水”的意象。例如三分、五代等空间上分裂抗衡的局面,讲史用“分久必合,合久必分”把它时间化。分立的空间,被束成一条时间线,它在某些地方分散了,但散开的丝缕不久又合拢,线仍是一线。

⑤这时,时间是线性的、连续的。依此时间观,讲史者事实上进行着与正统史学家完全一样的历史叙述工作。讲史,比以纪传体为主要叙述形式的正史,更严格地采用了编年叙述的方法。                             (选自《读书》龚鹏程《讲史的门庭》,有删节。)

小题1:根据文意,下列推断不正确的一项是(3分)

A,小说家既可说今,也可道古,不受自然时空的限制,所以小说中的事件可以跨越历史时代,也可以浓缩在历史上的某一天。

B.《西游记》借用“唐朝”这段公共时空作为小说的历史场景,但小说所表达的内容与唐王朝的历史并没有必然的有机关系。

C.历史是讲史的叙述基础,讲史必须尊重史实;讲史者纵然再同情蜀汉,也不能把三国的历史讲成蜀汉统一了中国。

D.中国的讲史者事实上进行着与正统史学家完全一样的历史叙述工作,也就是说讲史者与正统史学家的工作性质其实是一样的。

答案

 

小题: D

小题:文中有“依此时间观”的限制,表明只是从一个角度说“完会一样”,不能推出“工作性质一样”的结论。)

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Ever felt like destroying the car in front of you when you're

stuck in an endless traffic jam?

     Well ,the Spanish company StopStress is offering clients(客户 )

the possibility of doing just that-but in controlled ,safe conditions.

     Clients can also destroy computers, mobile phones and TV sets

in what the company calls" destructible therapy" ( therapy : treatment

of a medical disorder).

     "We target the machines that cause the most stress in modern

life,"company co-founder Jorge Arribas said in a telephone inter-

view. "People get rid of stress by screaming and beating the ma-

chines until they are tired out. "he explained.

     The company, based in the northern Spanish city of Soria, uses

deserted cars that still work. Heavy-metal music is used to excite

the clients. They are given protective suits and glasses, helmets and

huge hammers.

     Most people's rage only lasts for 5 to 10 minutes. But some go

on for hours : they beat cars on which they've put the names of people

or ideas they would like to get rid of.

     "Some even get together to turn the car over, "Arribas says. A

session costs 60 euros(US $80)per person.

     Arribas says the idea came to him when he was having trouble

parking his car.

     "Dozens of people have used the therapy, which helps people

become aware of their stress level and helps them to slow down,"

Arribas explained.

     "It's better to channel violence in a controlled way than to get

it out on one's husband and wife or in a traffic jam. "he added.

     StopStress already has branches in three Spanish cities, and is

planning to extend its market beyond Spain's borders.

1. The Spanish company StopStress offers people the chance to_______.   

A. calm down when they are angry

B. destroy things they no longer need

C. get rid of stress by destroying things

D. get rid of stress by screaming and shouting

2. Which of the following is NOT a means used directly to help people get less stressful in StopStress?   

A. Heavy-metal music.

B. Mobile phones.

C. Deserted cars.

D. Protective suits and glasses.

3. The passage is mainly intended to tell you __.

A. a special company in Spain

B. a special way to get rid of stress

C. a new and expanding busines

D. how people deal with stress in Spain

4. The underlined word " channel" in the passage has a similar meaning to" _____".  

A. let out                    

B. go in separate ways

C. avoid                    

D. reduce