问题 综合题

阅读下列材料(14分)

材料一

材料二 “观大地诸国,皆以变法而强,守旧而亡。然则守旧开放之效,已断可睹矣。以皇上之明,观万国之势,能变则全,不变则亡,全变则强,小变仍亡。”“臣故请皇上以俄大彼得之心为心法,以日本明治之政为政法也。”

——康有为《应诏统筹全局折》                                                                       

材料三 现代化是人类社会的一次转型,是文明方式的一次转换。现代化用工业生产力取代农业生产力,在此基础上引发了社会的整体变动,从而实现从农业文明向工业文明的转变。

——钱乘旦《世界现代化进程》    

请回答:

(1)材料一、二分别反映了什么重大历史事件?(2分)

(2)据材料并结合所学知识分析材料一、二所述历史事件之间的联系。(4分)

(3)改革必然会触动旧制度和一些特权者的既得利益,使改革充满阻力。上述两个改革都遇到这个难题。请运用你所学知识谈谈中日两国改革者在改革前是如何处理这个难题的?(4分)

(4)依据材料三,概括“现代化”的基本含义。(不得摘抄原文)(2分)依据所学知识回答,日本在现代化过程中的主要特点是什么?(2分)

答案

(1)材料一:明治维新;材料二:戊戌变法。(2分)

(2)内在联系:明治维新使日本成为亚洲强国,走上对外扩张的道路,发动了甲午中日战争,加深了中国的民族危机,(1分)为挽救民族危亡,以康有为为代表的资产阶级维新派发起了戊戌变法。(1分)日本明治维新的成功为中国资产阶级维新派提供了借鉴。(2分)

(3)措施:日本明治维新前,通过武装倒幕,推翻了幕府统治。(2分)中国的资产阶级维新派借用孔子权威进行舆论宣传;与封建顽固势力论战,扩大了维新思想的影响。(2分)

(4)含义:工业文明取代农业文明为主要表现之一的社会转换过程。(2分摘抄材料不给分)

特点:国家的扶植与保护。(2分)

解答题
阅读理解

Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.

“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”

“He won’t find out.” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”

Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.

It was a strange-looking machine –one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father's warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”

“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen:

“ENTER NAMES

VOYAGER 1: …

VOYAGER 2: …”

Mark’s fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.

“INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动).”

The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.

“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.

But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow (光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.

“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION(目的地): MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.”

小题1:Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?

A.He wanted to take a voyage.

B.He wanted to practice his skill

C.He was so much attracted by it.

D.He was eager to do an experiment.小题2:Where did the boy’s father most likely work?

A.In an electronic factory.

B.In a computer company.

C.In a scientific research center.

D.In an information processing center.小题3:Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of          .

A.a computer game

B.a company website

C.a software producer

D.an astronomy program小题4:Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?

A.He was afraid of being scolded.

B.He didn’t like the loud noise and light.

C.He didn’t want to play games any more.

D.He was afraid something dangerous might happen.小题5:What happened to the boys at the end of the story?

A.They were blown into the air.

B.They were sent to another planet.

C.They were hidden in the strong light.

D.They were carried away to another country